从代谢、激素、表观遗传…聊聊为什么人到中年爱发福？E.128

可能很多人都能感觉到，随着年龄的增长，发福的速度要比年轻时候快得多，而且需要更多的运动和饮食控制才能维持和年轻时候差不多的减肥效果。这一期，我们想聊聊人到“中年”（宽口径的中年）爱发福中的科学线索，我们可能会聊到，人的代谢会随着年龄的增长而下降，这是真的吗？男女肌肉含量的差异，对于发福有哪些影响？我们的体型和体重，受激素的影响有多大？为什么中年的肥胖喜欢出现在腰上？以及还会聊到，表观遗传可能帮助你的体重“上大分”等等内容……内容时间轴：2:50 很多人说，中年发福是由代谢变化导致的，这是真的吗？6:04 孕妇每日消耗是不是一个成人加婴儿的能量总和？8:04 实验中的每日消耗是怎么测的？12:10 运动对人体最核心的改变是什么？16:38 男女脂肪分布差异及其生理原因19:30 人体脂肪的分类，及不同脂肪的功能22:45 “脂肪细胞总体数量不变，只有大小的变化”，这是真的吗？27:43 长期随访研究揭示脂肪细胞与体重变化的关联30:03 激素对肥胖的影响与性别差异32:50 年龄增长、瘦素抵抗与腹部脂肪堆积的机制探讨36:02 中年腹部脂肪增生与新生脂肪细胞研究39:00 中年小鼠脂肪细胞互换实验及新药研发41:08 表观遗传学与肥胖的关系探讨44:24 “肥胖会引起一定程度的持续免疫反应和炎症反应”，是真的吗？#song list Cello Suite No. 1 in G Major, BWV 1007:I. Prélude - Janos Starker Love From Me-Johnson Rodgie Study With Me - Snuggles Mark Masri - Santa Lucia听友群加VX：hooley777商务合作：[email protected]#参考资料： Pontzer H, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, et al. Daily energy expenditure through the human life course. Science. 2021;373(6556):808-812. doi:10.1126/science.abe5017 Yen Chin Koay, Kelly Stanton, Vivian Kienzle, Mengbo Li, Jean Yang, David S Celermajer, John F O’Sullivan, Effect of chronic exercise in healthy young male adults: a metabolomic analysis, Cardiovascular Research, Volume 117, Issue 2, 1 February 2021, Pages 613–622 Elia, M. (1992). Organ and tissue contribution to metabolic rate. Kinney JM, Tucker HN, Energy metabolism: tissue determinants and cellular corollaries. Raven Press199261–80. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Wang ZM, Ross R. Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18-88 yr [published correction appears in J Appl Physiol (1985). 2014 May 15;116(10):1342]. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000;89(1):81-88. doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.81 Blaak E. Gender differences in fat metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2001;4(6):499-502. doi:10.1097/00075197-200111000-00006 Nguyen TT, Corvera S. Adipose tissue as a linchpin of organismal ageing. Nat Metab. 2024;6(5):793-807. doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01046-3 Arner P, Bernard S, Appelsved L, et al. Adipose lipid turnover and long-term changes in body weight. Nat Med. 2019;25(9):1385-1389. doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0565-5 Arner P, Sørensen TIA, Andersson DP. Adipose cellularity as a measurement of long-term changes in body weight: a Swedish cohort study spanning 1988-2016. EClinicalMedicine. 2025;82:103165. Published 2025 Mar 29. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103165 Oya M, Miyasaka Y, Nakamura Y, et al. Age-related ciliopathy: Obesogenic shortening of melanocortin-4 receptor-bearing neuronal primary cilia. Cell Metab. 2024;36(5):1044-1058.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.010 Wang G, Li G, Song A, et al. Distinct adipose progenitor cells emerging with age drive active adipogenesis. Science. 2025;388(6745):eadj0430. doi:10.1126/science.adj0430 Hinte LC, Castellano-Castillo D, Ghosh A, et al. Adipose tissue retains an epigenetic memory of obesity after weight loss. Nature. 2024;636(8042):457-465. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08165-7 Hata M, Andriessen EMMA, Hata M, et al. Past history of obesity triggers persistent epigenetic changes in innate immunity and exacerbates neuroinflammation. Science. 2023;379(6627):45-62. doi:10.1126/science.abj8894

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