打开地图，我们可以看到，不论长江、黄河，还是黑龙江、珠江，它们都是弯弯曲曲的。河流之所以会弯弯曲曲，主要是因为河水的流速不同造成的。尽管河水在河床上静静地流淌着，但河流两岸却会出现许多意想不到的情况。比如，在河水的长期冲刷下，河流一边的岸被冲坍了；有的地方倒下一棵大树，使河水的流速放慢了；有时在河流的某一段，突然有一条小支流汇入。上述种种情况，都会使河流两岸的河水流速不一样。河水流速大的一边，河岸受到的冲击力就大，发生坍塌的可能性也大，这样河流就有可能发生弯曲。另外，河流两岸的土层结构也不尽相同，有的比较松软，有的比较坚硬。时间一长，松软土层的河岸发生坍塌，河流就会变得弯弯曲曲。河道弯曲以后水流方向会直接冲向凹岸，而凸岸处的水流速度会相对减慢。在水流的长期作用下，凹岸会变得越来越凹，凸岸会变得越来越凸，这样整条河流就更加弯弯曲曲了。
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