我们常常可以看到有些空心的老树还活着，这是为什么呢？将树干横断开，从里往外看，中央最硬的木质部分叫木质部，占了树干的绝大部分；紧贴木质部的外边，是几层具有分裂能力的扁平细胞，叫形成层；形成层的外方叫韧皮部，形成层和韧皮部是我们常说的树皮里面的两部分。由于形成层细胞具有分裂能力，向里产生木质部，向外形成韧皮部，使树干年年加粗。木质部的细胞上下连通成管状，将根吸收来的水分和无机盐运输到枝叶中去。韧皮部细胞将叶片制造的有机物运送到茎和根中去。由于树干年年增粗，树干中间的木质部就逐渐死去。当树干上出现伤疤或裂缝时，有些细菌和真菌就趁机钻了进去以树心为养料，天长日久将树心吃空。树心虽然空了，空的部分只是木质的心材部分，木质部的边材部分还是好的，照常具有运输的功能，还能不断地将水分和无机盐运送到枝叶上去。因此，空心老树仍能正常生长发育。
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