每个人的体温都有所不同，但大致都在37度左右，这是由于人类和绝大多数的哺乳动物、鸟类都可以在环境温度发生变化时保持体温在一个恒定范围内，因此也被称为恒温动物。不过，体温恒定并不意味着固定在一个值，而是在相对较小的范围内保持恒定，这是因为人体内存在着一整套负责体温调节的机制。在下丘脑位置有一个体温调节中枢，皮肤、粘膜上则分布有多种温度感受器，体温调节中枢可以把体温设定在一定数值，也称之为体温调定点，这个温度点确定后，体温调节中枢就会传出信号，是人体的产热和散热过程中在此温度点上达到平衡。具体来说，温度感受器不断地将皮肤及外界环境的温度变化汇报给体温调节中枢，如果温度比调定点有所降低，中枢就会下达指令，通过骨骼肌收缩产热，同时皮肤毛细血管收缩减少散热，人类依靠体内先进的体温调节系统“以不变应万变”，得以在自然界的残酷选择中存活下来。
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