流言：很多青少年喜欢啃指甲，主要是因为缺铁和缺锌造成的。真相：啃指甲与缺铁和缺锌完全没有关系，与精神紧张有关。啃咬指甲的表现医学上叫做咬甲癖。咬甲癖多见于儿童和青春期少年，表现为反复啃咬指甲的游离缘，导致甲板缩短，甲板游离缘常常呈锯齿状，有时还会啃咬整个甲面，导致甲板失去光泽，出现横沟或嵴。该病主要原因是精神紧张、模仿家庭成员或转移拇指吸吮习惯。精神紧张的原因可能与家庭及学校环境有关，我们应排查有无促使他紧张不安的因素，如有则尽可能消除这种因素。对于模仿家庭成员及转移拇指吸吮习惯这两原因，可以通过参加有趣的活动或游戏来分散他的注意力，帮助他慢慢改掉这个不良习惯。盲目的批评指责，或命令患者停止啃咬行为，有时会引起患者逆反心理，甚至可能强化啃咬行为，非常不利于行为的纠正。如果上述方法均没有效果，我们需要考虑咨询心理医生，通过心理暗示或者服用药物治疗来改善症状。
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