食用油的主要成分是脂肪(即甘油三酯),为一分子甘油与三分子脂肪酸的酯化产物。特别是精炼后的食用植物油,其主要的营养成分就是甘油三酯。甘油三酯通常占到食用油的 95%以上,所以关注食用油的营养就要关注脂肪和脂肪酸的营养。脂肪酸分为饱和脂肪酸(脂肪酸分子中不含不饱和化学键)和不饱和脂肪酸(脂肪酸分子中含有不饱和化学键)。不饱和脂肪酸又分为单不饱和脂肪酸(分子中含一个双键的脂肪酸,如油酸)和多不饱和脂肪酸(分子中含两个及以上双键的脂肪酸,如亚油酸、α- 亚麻酸)。脂肪酸的种类很多,不同品种的食用油中脂肪酸的类型和含量是不一样的,不同的脂肪酸组成也就决定了不同品种的食用油其营养价值也不一样。
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