《辞海》中解释说，饕餮是一种贪食的恶兽，多作为钟鼎彝器上的装饰。有关饕餮的样子古书记载中很多，《山海经》说：羊身，眼睛在腋下，虎齿人爪，是一种想象中的神秘怪兽。《神异经·西荒经》中记载：“饕餮，兽名，身如牛，人面，目在腋下，食人。”《神魔志异·异兽篇》说：神州极南有恶兽，四目黑皮，长颈四足，性凶悍，极贪吃，行进迅疾若风，为祸一方。因为没有实物可考，所以古代是否真有这种动物，学术界至今仍没有定论。另有传说，说饕餮性情暴躁，稍不如意就怒瞪双眼，而且眼大如牛。只是这怪兽却只有一颗大头，没有身子。虽然没有肚子，但是饕餮却极其能吃，不论好不好吃，见到东西就往嘴里吞。于是饕餮就被人们视为凶残且贪恋美食的怪兽。《吕氏春秋》中记载说，周代的钟鼎之上刻有饕餮纹，只有一颗头却没有身子，这里描述了饕餮的样子，但是并没有具体轮廓，后世也大都以钟鼎纹饰为依据。由于饕餮所具有的凶残贪吃本性，在出土文物中，饕餮纹多出现在盛食物的鼎、簋、酒樽等地方。于是，人们便以饕餮代称贪吃的人。
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