芥菜又名刈菜,屬於十字花科蔬菜,全年皆可生產,食用價值很高,除了生鮮芥菜可用來炒、煮之外,客家地區更常將芥菜曬乾,加工製成知名的客家名菜福菜、客家酸菜、梅乾菜等等,用途廣泛。不過因為苦味和纖維粗糙,最近被網友票選為最難吃的蔬菜。 從營養觀點來看,芥菜的熱量低,每100公克只有16卡,也含有不錯的維生素A、C、鉀、鈣、鎂等微量元素,此外,芥菜也富含「芥子油苷」,有防癌、防止神經退化的潛力,更含有葉黃素、β-胡蘿蔔素,有益眼睛健康。 不過也要提醒,由於芥菜的維生素K含量高,正在服用抗凝血劑香豆素(Warfarin)的患者,可能會因此影響抗凝血效果,應避免大量食用芥菜。此外,芥菜的鉀含量也較高,對高血壓患者是好選擇,但是腎臟病人就要注意食用,依據病程調整攝取份量,建議諮詢營養師再吃。 至於烹調上該怎麼做才能讓芥菜變好吃呢?知名主廚柯俊年說,其實現在的芥菜纖維比較沒那麼粗糙,而且多數人會去除外面比較粗糙的葉子,留下裡面細嫩葉菜,並且先切小片後再下鍋,因此較易入口。至於該如何去除苦味,建議2個步驟: 1.一定要先汆燙,用水漂涼,並擠乾水份再去料理。 2.搭配高湯或是蛋白質高的食材一起烹調。例如加高湯做成干貝芥菜、加雞湯成了芥菜鷄湯,或是搭配豬絞肉做成芥菜肉餅,都能降低芥菜的苦味,變得鮮甜好吃。
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