因为宇宙在不断地膨胀，所以穿行在宇宙中的光的波长也会被不断地拉长，拉的越长，就会变得越红。因为我们已经知道了Ia型超新星爆发的精确物理过程，所以我们能算出这种超新星所发出的光的原始波长是多少，用这个原始波长与实际测得的波长一比较，我们就可以算出光波被拉长了百分之多少。你把宇宙想象成一块有弹性的布，光是穿在这张布上的丝线，那么丝线被拉长了百分之多少，就代表宇宙膨胀了百分之多少。换句话说，如果我们测得一颗超新星的光波被拉长了10%，那么现在的宇宙就要比这束光刚发出的时刻大10%。这种数据积累的越多，就越能精确地测算出宇宙膨胀的速率。在真实的观测中，两个团队采用的方法都是先用大视野的广角望远镜同时监测数以千计的星系，基本上每天晚上都能定位到几十颗Ia型超新星爆发，然后再换用更传统的望远镜仔细测定红移大小，这个工作其实做起来相当地枯燥，并且需要超高的耐心和细心。
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