长胖“借口”大全（建议收藏）｜漫谈“肥胖”

“肥胖”这个话题在我们漫谈选题的计划里很久了，我们一直想找个机会全面、系统地聊聊。结果没想到与肥胖有关的内容这么多！于是这一期，我们先单独从“肥胖”出发，跟你唠一唠长胖都有哪些“借口”：BMI高真的就是肥胖吗？压力会导致肥胖吗？肥胖是不是食品加工的锅？动物们也这么胖它们怎么就这么健康？只希望一切借口，都不能阻止你注意到肥胖这个问题有多严重！     加听友群微信号：bio_kiwi      时间点：0:03:09 体重管理年0:06:12 BMI的使用与起源0:09:05 BMI的标准与中西方差异0:10:56 BMI使用局限性1:无法区分体脂率0:13:41 BMI使用局限性2:无法体现腰臀比0:15:59 BMI使用局限性3:衰老的影响0:18:14 体脂测量其实可能不是那么准确0:20:18 体脂秤的正确用法0:21:11 其他体脂测量方法0:27:31 看起来"健康"但是实际肥胖的情况0:31:09 健身达人们可能面临的健康困扰0:34:09 BMI与体脂都高但健康的人群0:36:36 节俭基因假说：肥胖在过去是一种“有利”性状？0:41:37 基因漂变假说：肥胖的起源也许是随机出现的0:43:21 影响肥胖的基因都是哪些功能0:46:47 脂肪细胞其实也不坏，甚至很重要0:50:30 米色脂肪的研究会是减肥的新法子吗？0:54:58 瘦素是如何调节我们的食欲进而影响肥胖的？1:01:47 舌头原来也有感觉脂肪的味觉？1:03:58 最近几年我们的饮食习惯发生了什么改变1:05:48 食品的加工也是影响肥胖的关键因素1:09:56 高糖饮食对与肥胖的影响1:11:51 什么是胰岛素抵抗？为什么会与肥胖相关？1:17:39 细嚼慢咽其实更不容易长胖1:19:55 暴饮暴食的习惯也和基因有关？1:23:32 FTO基因对于肥胖的影响1:24:52 不同动物的体脂率会是多少？1:28:49 鲸鱼的“肥胖”1:33:12 北极熊的”肥胖“1:34:42 冬眠动物的”肥胖“1:39:54 昆虫的”肥胖“与脂肪体1:44:52 鱼类的”肥胖“与洞穴鱼的突变1:50:30 宠物们的肥胖问题1:57:23 动物园动物的肥胖问题2:00:53 结尾讨论      提及的相关图片：腰臀比的测量方式：针对家犬肥胖程度的BCS打分规则：     涉及BGM：火箭少女101 - 卡路里Celebrate-Joakim KarudGeorge Benson - Thunder Walk         部分参考资料：Nuttall F Q. Body mass index: obesity, BMI, and health: a critical review[J]. Nutrition today, 2015, 50(3): 117-128.Keys A, Fidanza F, Karvonen M J, et al. Indices of relative weight and obesity[J]. International journal of epidemiology, 2014, 43(3): 655-665.Ye Y, Leeming J. By the numbers: China's changing diet[J]. Nature, 2023.Wang L, Wang H, Zhang B, et al. Elevated fat intake increases body weight and the risk of overweight and obesity among Chinese adults: 1991–2015 trends[J]. Nutrients, 2020, 12(11): 3272.Wu T, Xu S. Understanding the contemporary high obesity rate from an evolutionary genetic perspective[J]. Hereditas, 2023, 160(1): 5.Loos R J F, Yeo G S H. The genetics of obesity: from discovery to biology[J]. Nature Reviews Genetics, 2022, 23(2): 120-133.Wang Z, Chen Z, Xu S, et al. ‘Obesity’is healthy for cetaceans? Evidence from pervasive positive selection in genes related to triacylglycerol metabolism[J]. Scientific reports, 2015, 5(1): 14187.Liu S, Lorenzen E D, Fumagalli M, et al. Population genomics reveal recent speciation and rapid evolutionary adaptation in polar bears[J]. Cell, 2014, 157(4): 785-794.www.bbc.comYuan S, Liu Y, Liang W, et al. Association between eating speed and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Frontiers in nutrition, 2021, 8: 700936.Hinte L C, Castellano-Castillo D, Ghosh A, et al. Adipose tissue retains an epigenetic memory of obesity after weight loss[J]. Nature, 2024: 1-9.thefisheriesblog.comAspiras A C, Rohner N, Martineau B, et al. Melanocortin 4 receptor mutations contribute to the adaptation of cavefish to nutrient-poor conditions[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015, 112(31): 9668-9673.German A J. The growing problem of obesity in dogs and cats[J]. The Journal of nutrition, 2006, 136(7): 1940S-1946S.Kloock S, Ziegler C G, Dischinger U. Obesity and its comorbidities, current treatment options and future perspectives: challenging bariatric surgery?[J]. Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2023, 251: 108549.Bertile F, Habold C, Le Maho Y, et al. Body protein sparing in hibernators: a source for biomedical innovation[J]. Frontiers in physiology, 2021, 12: 634953.

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