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上文书我们讲到了有动物的利他行为。比如说蚂蚁里面的工蚁就是如此，那简直是比雷锋还雷锋呢。任劳任怨的为其他蚂蚁服务，自己还不要孩子。这种利他行为到底是如何进化形成的呢？以往的学说都不能很好的解释这种现象。不少人倾向于“集体选择学说”。但是集体选择学说遭到了美国生物学家威廉斯的激烈反对。那时候反对集体选择学说的大有人在，跳得最高的就是这个威廉斯。他写了一本书叫做《适应性与自然选择》。他提出了“基因选择”学说。可以认为是对“集体选择”的致命一击。不过呢，虽然这个威廉斯在圈内影响很大。但是对于公众来讲，他的名气不够响亮。真正使得基因选择学说广为流传的是另外一位英国科学家，他叫道金斯，他写了一本非常著名的书，叫做《自私的基因》。这本书可以说是畅销书，对公众的影响是很大。这本书很有意思，值得好好讲一讲
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