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讲座探讨了自由理念在历史演变中的异化现象。他指出，自由最初是对抗专制的核心价值，旨在追求个体权利与社会平等，但在历史发展中，一些自由实践却走向了极端，甚至与市场经济发生对立。秦教授分析了这一过程的原因，特别是在资本主义体系下，市场自由与社会公平之间的矛盾如何引发了对市场的批判。讲座还探讨了现代社会中自由观念的多样化及其可能的误读，强调需要警惕“异化”后的自由对初衷的偏离，同时呼吁在自由、平等和效率之间寻求平衡，以实现真正的普遍自由。
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