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讲座深入探讨了马克思政治理论中的核心概念——阶级与专政。教授首先解释了马克思的阶级理论，强调社会的阶级斗争是历史发展的驱动力，资产阶级与无产阶级的对立是资本主义社会的根本矛盾。接着，秦教授分析了马克思关于无产阶级专政的理论，认为这是实现社会主义的过渡阶段，目的是打破旧有的阶级结构，建立一个没有阶级剥削的社会。教授指出，马克思的专政理论并非单纯的暴力统治，而是通过国家机器实现对反动势力的压制，为社会变革创造条件。讲座最后提到，马克思的政治理论在实践中经历了多次曲解，但其阶级分析方法依然对现代社会具有深刻的启示意义。
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