这篇文章主要讨论了免疫检查点阻断（ICB）在癌症治疗中的应用及其局限性。文中概述了ICB的作用机制，特别是针对CTLA-4和PD-1/PD-L1等关键免疫检查点的策略。文章还详细探讨了影响ICB治疗效果和毒性（irAEs）的各种因素，包括宿主内在因素（如肿瘤遗传、肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞和微生物）和宿主外在因素（外暴露组），例如饮食、压力、用药以及环境暴露。最后，该文献还提出了旨在提高疗效和降低副作用的诊断与治疗策略，以期拓宽ICB的适用范围并改善癌症患者的预后。References: Morad G, Helmink B A, Sharma P, et al. Hallmarks of response, resistance, and toxicity to immune checkpoint blockade[J]. Cell, 2021, 184(21): 5309-5337.
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