第1366期: Africa Wants Malaria Vaccine Soon

The African Union’s top health official wants to get the world’s first approved malaria vaccine to African countries as soon as possible.非洲联盟的最高卫生官员希望尽快向非洲国家提供世界上第一个获得批准的疟疾疫苗。This comes one day after the World Health Organization (WHO) said the vaccine should be given to children across Africa to stop the spread of the disease.这是在世界卫生组织 (WHO) 表示应向非洲各地的儿童接种疫苗以阻止疾病传播的一天之后。John Nkengasong is the director of Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. He told an online news conference Thursday, "We will be engaging withGAVI (the vaccine alliance) and WHO in the coming days to understand first of all the availability of this vaccine.”John Nkengasong 是非洲疾病控制和预防中心的主任。他在周四的在线新闻发布会上说：“我们将在未来几天内与 GAVI（疫苗联盟）和世卫组织合作，首先了解这种疫苗的可用性。”He noted that by the end of 2021, malaria will likely have killed many more people in Africa than COVID-19 will have.他指出，到 2021 年底，疟疾在非洲造成的死亡人数可能比 COVID-19 死亡人数多得多。WHO recommends malaria vaccine世卫组织推荐疟疾疫苗WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus called it “a historic moment” Wednesday after the health agency’s advisory groups approved the use of a vaccine to fight malaria.在卫生机构的咨询小组批准使用疫苗对抗疟疾之后，世卫组织总干事谭德塞周三称这是“历史性时刻”。Dr. Matshidiso Moeti is the WHO’s Africa director. She said, “We expect many more African children to be protected from malaria and grow into healthy adults.”Matshidiso Moeti 博士是世卫组织的非洲主任。她说：“我们希望更多的非洲儿童免受疟疾侵害并成长为健康的成年人。”The WHO said its decision was based largely on results from ongoing research in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi. The research followed more than 800,000 children who have received the vaccine since 2019. The WHO said side effects were rare, but sometimes included a high temperature that could result in temporary sudden movements called convulsions.世卫组织表示，其决定主要基于加纳、肯尼亚和马拉维正在进行的研究结果。该研究跟踪了自 2019 年以来接种疫苗的 800,000 多名儿童。世卫组织表示副作用很少见，但有时包括高温，可能导致称为抽搐的暂时性突然运动。The vaccine, known as Mosquirix, was developed by British drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline in 1987. While it is the first to be authorized, the vaccine is only about 30 percent effective. It requires up to four treatments and its protection decreases after several months.这种名为 Mosquirix 的疫苗是由英国制药商葛兰素史克于 1987 年开发的。虽然它是第一个获得授权的疫苗，但该疫苗的有效性只有 30% 左右。它最多需要四次治疗，几个月后其保护作用就会减弱。But scientists say the vaccine could have a major effect against malaria in Africa. Most of the world’s 200 million cases and 400,000 malaria deaths each year are in Africa.但科学家表示，这种疫苗可能对非洲的疟疾产生重大影响。全世界每年有 2 亿例疟疾病例和 40 万例疟疾死亡病例，其中大部分发生在非洲。Julian Rayner, director of the Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, said, “It’s an imperfect vaccine, but it will still stop hundreds of thousands of children from dying.”剑桥医学研究所所长朱利安·雷纳 (Julian Rayner) 说：“这是一种不完美的疫苗，但仍将阻止数十万儿童死亡。”Dr. Alejandro Cravioto is head of the WHO vaccine group that gave the guidance. He said designing a shot against malaria was difficult because it is a parasitic disease spread by insects called mosquitoes.Alejandro Cravioto 博士是提供指导的世卫组织疫苗组组长。他说设计一种针对疟疾的疫苗很困难，因为它是一种由称为蚊子的昆虫传播的寄生虫病。“We’re confronted with extraordinarily complex organisms,” he said. “We are not yet in reach of a highly efficacious vaccine, but what we have now is a vaccine that can be deployed and that is safe.”“我们面临着极其复杂的生物体，”他说。“我们还没有获得高效疫苗，但我们现在拥有的是一种可以部署且安全的疫苗。”Azra Ghani is chair of infectious diseases at Imperial College London. She said the WHO guidance would hopefully be a “first step” to making better malaria vaccines.Azra Ghani 是伦敦帝国理工学院传染病学系主任。她说，世卫组织的指南有望成为制造更好的疟疾疫苗的“第一步”。She added that efforts to produce a second-generation malaria vaccine could receive help from messenger RNA technology. The drug company BioNTech recently said it would begin researching for a possible malaria vaccine. The company and its partner Pfizer made one of the most successful COVID-19 vaccines with mRNA.她补充说，生产第二代疟疾疫苗的努力可以得到信使 RNA 技术的帮助。制药公司 BioNTech 最近表示将开始研究可能的疟疾疫苗。该公司及其合作伙伴辉瑞公司用 mRNA 制造了最成功的 COVID-19 疫苗之一。

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