第1434期:Doctor Pigeon will see you now

Next time you see a pigeon flying around, look at it with some respect.下次你看到一只鸽子飞来飞去的时候，带着一些尊重来看待它。it might be able to help with the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.它可能有助于人类疾病的诊断和治疗。A recent study has shown that these birds could be trained to detect breast cancer from images as accurately as humans.最近的一项研究表明，可以训练这些鸟从图像中像人类一样准确地检测乳腺癌。It's all about their visual memory - these birds have plenty of it even if their brains are very small. 这完全取决于它们的视觉记忆——即使它们的大脑很小，这些鸟也有很多视觉记忆。Professor Edward Wasserman from the University of Iowa, a co-author of the study, says: "Pigeons can distinguish identities and emotional expressions on human faces, letters of the alphabet, misshapen pharmaceutical capsules, and even paintings by Monet versus Picasso." 该研究的合著者、爱荷华大学的爱德华·瓦瑟曼教授说：“鸽子可以区分人脸、字母、畸形药物胶囊，甚至莫奈与毕加索的画作上的身份和情感表达。” And Wasserman adds that the birds' visual memory capacity is equally impressive, with a proven recall of more than 1,800 images. So how did the scientists find out about the amazing ability of these birds?Wasserman 补充说，鸟类的视觉记忆能力同样令人印象深刻，已证实可以回忆起 1,800 多张图像。那么科学家们是如何发现这些鸟类的惊人能力的呢？ They taught different pigeons to distinguish microscope images of cancerous and non-cancerous tissue and rewarded them with food every time they got it right.他们教不同的鸽子区分癌组织和非癌组织的显微镜图像，并在每次它们做对时奖励它们食物。It didn't take long to get good results. After two weeks of training in 'pigeon medical school', the 'students' recorded 85% accuracy as they managed to identify cancerous tissue from images they had not seen before.没过多久就取得了不错的成绩。在“鸽子医学院”进行了两周的培训后，“学生”记录了 85% 的准确率，因为他们设法从他们以前从未见过的图像中识别出癌组织。But pigeons are not the only animals showing potential to help human diagnosis. 但鸽子并不是唯一显示出有助于人类诊断潜力的动物。A team at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences has shown that a dog can be trained to smell urine samples of patients to identify thyroid cancer. 阿肯色大学医学科学的一个团队表明，可以训练一只狗闻病人的尿液样本来识别甲状腺癌。It lay down where it could smell cancer and turned away if not. The animals got it right in 30 cases out of 34.它躺在它可以闻到癌症的地方，如果没有，它就转身离开。这些动物在 34 例中的 30 例中做对了。So don't dismiss the abilities of these animals.所以不要忽视这些动物的能力。 They might be much more intelligent than you think.他们可能比你想象的要聪明得多。词汇表diagnosis  诊断treatment  治疗disease  疾病to detect  检测breast cancer  乳腺癌accurately  精确地brain  大脑to distinguish  区分，鉴别misshapen  畸形的pharmaceutical capsules  药用胶囊recall  记性microscope images  显微镜图像cancerous  癌症的non-cancerous tissue  非癌症的组织或细胞accuracy  准确性urine samples  尿液样本thyroid  甲状腺to dismiss  不予理会，不予考虑

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