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自有史料记载以来，中东就是各大国角逐的舞台。20世纪上半叶，英法两国是竞逐中东的主要势力。1946年，英国通过暗中支持黎巴嫩和叙利亚民族主义者驱逐法国，但胜利的喜悦很快就因新的竞争对手美国的到来而冲淡。面对谁拥有中东的石油，谁控制苏伊士运河，支持阿拉伯民族主义还是犹太复国主义等问题，美国都与英国观点不同。双方不再是盟友，美国甚至鼓励和利用中东广泛的反英情绪，终结了英国在中东的统治，开启了美国主导的新秩序。历史学家詹姆斯·巴尔利用新解密的档案，提出美国才是英国退出中东的幕后推手，当前困扰中东的几乎每一个问题都是美国和英国数十年来灾难性外交政策的直接后果。
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