Alex Tarnava

Like with alcohol, it's a very tight reverse J, which is why we can't really recommend alcohol for anyone at any dose because... every person would find a benefit at a different dose and every day. So we just don't have the science there to make advice. But so we're acting kind of like exercise for the mitochondria, which is improving the health and the number of the mitochondria.

In addition, hydrogen is interacting with our microbiome, it's improving gut health. And in a yet to be fully understood mechanism, we know we're partially metabolizing it in the liver, and it's driving liver homeostasis. So there's a few ways that hydrogen is helping. And now why is hydrogen doing this in our body? What role did it have? We actually have to go back to the

In addition, hydrogen is interacting with our microbiome, it's improving gut health. And in a yet to be fully understood mechanism, we know we're partially metabolizing it in the liver, and it's driving liver homeostasis. So there's a few ways that hydrogen is helping. And now why is hydrogen doing this in our body? What role did it have? We actually have to go back to the

In addition, hydrogen is interacting with our microbiome, it's improving gut health. And in a yet to be fully understood mechanism, we know we're partially metabolizing it in the liver, and it's driving liver homeostasis. So there's a few ways that hydrogen is helping. And now why is hydrogen doing this in our body? What role did it have? We actually have to go back to the

very beginning of evolution. So our last universal common ancestor, the single-cell organism that spawned all life on this planet, actually consumed hydrogen as its fuel source, right? And then our first mitochondria came from eukaryotes. And those eukaryotes was a symbiotic relationship between organelle, one of which... expelled hydrogen as a waste product.

very beginning of evolution. So our last universal common ancestor, the single-cell organism that spawned all life on this planet, actually consumed hydrogen as its fuel source, right? And then our first mitochondria came from eukaryotes. And those eukaryotes was a symbiotic relationship between organelle, one of which... expelled hydrogen as a waste product.

very beginning of evolution. So our last universal common ancestor, the single-cell organism that spawned all life on this planet, actually consumed hydrogen as its fuel source, right? And then our first mitochondria came from eukaryotes. And those eukaryotes was a symbiotic relationship between organelle, one of which... expelled hydrogen as a waste product.

And now we've actually carried that throughout all of evolution. And there's other factors, too. At times in evolution, a couple billion years ago, there was a lot more hydrogen in the air and water.

And now we've actually carried that throughout all of evolution. And there's other factors, too. At times in evolution, a couple billion years ago, there was a lot more hydrogen in the air and water.

And now we've actually carried that throughout all of evolution. And there's other factors, too. At times in evolution, a couple billion years ago, there was a lot more hydrogen in the air and water.

Molecular hydrogen is the first molecule in the universe, too, right? So it seems obvious in retrospect that it has a role In our life and our body. And we actually, we evolved to produce a tremendous amount of hydrogen gas internally, endogenously. We do this by fermenting fiber.

Molecular hydrogen is the first molecule in the universe, too, right? So it seems obvious in retrospect that it has a role In our life and our body. And we actually, we evolved to produce a tremendous amount of hydrogen gas internally, endogenously. We do this by fermenting fiber.

Molecular hydrogen is the first molecule in the universe, too, right? So it seems obvious in retrospect that it has a role In our life and our body. And we actually, we evolved to produce a tremendous amount of hydrogen gas internally, endogenously. We do this by fermenting fiber.

The big problem here is throughout the majority of human evolution, we were consuming 100 to 150 grams of dietary fiber a day. Now, the average person in the Western world consumes 10 to 15 grams of dietary fiber a day. But the average person on a standard American diet is only consuming 1 to 3 grams of fiber a day. Wow. So we're not getting the fuel to produce hydrogen.

The big problem here is throughout the majority of human evolution, we were consuming 100 to 150 grams of dietary fiber a day. Now, the average person in the Western world consumes 10 to 15 grams of dietary fiber a day. But the average person on a standard American diet is only consuming 1 to 3 grams of fiber a day. Wow. So we're not getting the fuel to produce hydrogen.

The big problem here is throughout the majority of human evolution, we were consuming 100 to 150 grams of dietary fiber a day. Now, the average person in the Western world consumes 10 to 15 grams of dietary fiber a day. But the average person on a standard American diet is only consuming 1 to 3 grams of fiber a day. Wow. So we're not getting the fuel to produce hydrogen.

And the bacteria that are breaking down fiber in this process and releasing H2 gas, they're like any living thing. If you stop feeding them, they die. And that is one of the reasons we're getting this dysbiosis of the microbiome. These hydrogen-producing bacteria are dying out. They're being replaced by methane-producing bacteria.

And the bacteria that are breaking down fiber in this process and releasing H2 gas, they're like any living thing. If you stop feeding them, they die. And that is one of the reasons we're getting this dysbiosis of the microbiome. These hydrogen-producing bacteria are dying out. They're being replaced by methane-producing bacteria.

And the bacteria that are breaking down fiber in this process and releasing H2 gas, they're like any living thing. If you stop feeding them, they die. And that is one of the reasons we're getting this dysbiosis of the microbiome. These hydrogen-producing bacteria are dying out. They're being replaced by methane-producing bacteria.

So actually when we do studies, we can look at a high percentage of middle-aged and older metabolic-impaired people. We give them a hydrogen breath test after lactulose, and they produce more methane than hydrogen, or no hydrogen at all. And this is critically important because we know... that methane is strongly correlated with basically every disease outcome. It's correlated with mortality.