Anita Arnand

Someone deeply traumatized.

They could not believe that this was being done under their uniform.

I mean, I've read the same documents and they are absolutely appalled by what they are expected to do and what's been facilitated.

There is a very interesting Israeli response, though, from Israeli civil society, if you like, because as the details of this massacre become known, there are hundreds of thousands of Israelis who take to the streets to say, not in our name.

We are going to pause here.

I won't say end it here because you're going to join us for another episode.

Kim, I know you'll be speaking to Willie.

And if you don't want to wait for that, just join the club, empirepoduk.com, empirepoduk.com.

And you can get that straight away without waiting.

Till the next time we meet though, Kim, thank you very much indeed.

It's goodbye from me, Anita Arnand.

Hello and welcome to Empire with me, Anita Arnand.

October 1973, the Yom Kippur War, the day Arabs crossed the Suez Canal into the Sinai.

The intelligence failure that made this possible, the extraordinary military engineering that made this happen, and the oil embargo that made the whole world feel the consequences.

This is by absolutely any measure one of the great thrillers, if you like, of the 20th century.

Can you talk us through the assumptions and just make those clear to us?

Israel thought nobody will act without Egypt say so, and Nasser is not there to say so anymore.

That's also not a ridiculous assumption.

And the man who comes to replace him, Anwar Sadat, they underestimate him.

So let me tell you a little bit about Anwar Sadat.