Ben van Kerkwyk

This is like the Inca Roca wall, and there's probably some pictures of the broken sections where you can see these inside joins.

That's Sacsayhuaman, so it's the same thing, just a much bigger scale.

Weird.

Yeah, some weird, bizarre stuff.

Yeah, that one.

No one knows, right?

We talked about the nubs endlessly.

Yeah, people, all sorts of speculation, like people have geopolymer explanations for them.

People have, you know, a lot of people try to say they're lifting bosses, and that's not how they would flip over.

They're not in the right place.

One thing's for certain, I think, with the nubs, that is an observation a friend of ours, Chuck, a geologist, made, which is that...

If you look at how stone is quarried, so one of the common methods still used to some extent today, but certainly is attributed to cultures like this and the Egyptians, is what they call a wedge and feather quarrying.

You cut these little wedges out and then you hammer in either wood and wet it.

You're trying to split stone, basically, and they still do it today.

One thing you'll never be left with in a splitting or a wedge and feather approach is a nub.

Like you can imagine, you can't imagine these stone faces splitting and leaving these bloody nubs that are on all of these walls.

Right.

So they're formed.

They're formed, either deliberately formed or they're a result of some other process.

We don't know.