Ben Zweig

know individual profiles and resumes and stuff like that and then we can see head counts start dates end dates we can see inflows outflows so we see the stocks and the flows of people of course there are biases in the data there's you know there's sampling bias and that can be adjusted for there's lags and reporting and that can be adjusted for i mean not easily but you know it's it's possible to uh you know that's why we have all these data scientists and data engineers kind of working hard but yeah we need to adjust for issues with the data we have to classify it to the proper occupations and industries and

you know, all these different dimensions of employment, once the data is properly debiased and categorized, then it becomes possible to see actual stocks and flows of employment in the whole world.

So I think one real limitation to government statistics is that they're done domestically.

So, you know, the U.S.

has their, you know, it has the BLS and, you know, every country's got sort of their version of it and they do things differently and have different assumptions and it's hard to standardize between those things.

So if we are looking to analyze some policy or even just like technological adoption that happens unevenly throughout the globe, like comparing countries to each other seems really important.

Public statistics are really limited for analyzing things like policy and technological change.

We did the same analysis at Revelio, and we found, actually before either of these papers came out, and we found that this phenomenon that Eric and co-authors did document is actually happening.

You know, we had different measures of AI exposure, but found the same pattern.

So what was that pattern that Revelio found, like specifically?

It was that the difference in...

AI-exposed roles and non-AI-exposed roles was more negative for entry-level workers than it was for more senior workers.

So the idea is that AI exposure is more harmful to more junior employees than it is to more senior employees.

The most important thing to understand is that exposure is not something that it really doesn't happen at the job level.

It happens at the work activity level.

You can think of jobs as collections of work activities, collections of tasks.

And AI does not automate jobs wholesale.

No technology really automates jobs wholesale, but automates components of jobs.

There really is no job that has zero AI exposure.

Every job is somewhat exposed, but some jobs are more exposed.