Cari Cesarotti
speaker
212 appearances
1 recordings
1 series
first heard Sep 2024
last heard Sep 2024
Cari Cesarotti’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
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Yeah, I think there's a lot of push and pull that needs to happen in the community right now is that, you know, we need precision, but we also need discoveries. We need experimental evidence, but we also need motivating theories and having sort of the most diverse pool of ways that we can sort of approach these problems that we don't really have a clear answer to or a clear way of proceeding on.
I think that that's going to be the most robust way to find success.
Oh, absolutely. There is no textbook that you can buy. There's no IKEA manual to how to build a particle collider. And so much of what's taught is just passed down between groups and training individuals and things like that. So I think sometimes it's a little bit
I go back and forth about how seriously I should wait this because yeah, part of it, if you just kind of sell it like that, then it feels like, okay, well you just want to keep the field of particle physics alive so that you have a job. Um, but it is just, it is much more profound.
I think is that if you want to keep particle physics alive so that there's the possibility to have a collider, if we make a lot of progress in one, one area or another, um, then you need to preserve the, the knowledge.
Yeah. So I think I think, again, this is something I've definitely become the person that I feel like wants to have a foot, at least in both camps, in terms of understanding sort of where these machines lie in terms of likelihood and progress and physics goals and things like that.
So a muon collider versus an E plus E minus collider can have similar physics programs, but there's definitely strengths for one versus the other. So if you're just comparing E plus E minus and not like a future LHC at a much higher energy, the energy frontier is something completely new.
So if you just want to see new physics directly produced above a couple hundred GeV, you need a muon collider for that. And if you want to see it produced with fundamental particles, you can't even compare it to a proton-proton machine. And just for comparison, if you were to build a 10 TeV muon collider, which sounds less than the LHC because that's 14, but because protons are composite...
A 10 TeV muon collider would be comparable to the physics for the average collision that you can get out of something like a 70 or 80 TeV, if not more proton-proton machine. So that 100 TeV number that you might hear thrown around by China and CERN would be comparable to a 14 TeV muon collider.
So the fact that these are composite particles makes a big difference in terms of what energies are accessible. Yeah. So the energy frontier, you just need it. And there's a million theories that you can test. You can do things that have to do with SUSE. You can do things that are just extensions of the electroweak sector.
You can do things that are just completely new particles or dark matter related or things like that. And a lot of the times you just need higher energies to really see the effects of these particles show up. So the energy frontier, I think, is really the most compelling reason to say that a muon collider is something that we shouldn't invest in.
In terms of other physics programs, as we said in the beginning, the Higgs boson is definitely the most mysterious particle. And depending on exactly your ideology, you may or may not say that a Higgs boson is new physics. But I'm not NEMA, so I'm not going to say that.
But you can study a lot of Higgs bosons in a way that you can't do at the LHC, and you can do it in a much cleaner environment in some ways, too. So attend to EV muon clutter. Given the physics program that we hope to run, you can produce 10 million Higgs bosons. And with 10 million Higgs bosons, you can study a lot.
So if you really want to flush out the story about how the Higgs couples to itself, how it couples to other particles, how the symmetry is restored in the electroweak sector at higher energies, a muon collider is also a very good tool for that.
So while the E plus E minus machine is usually what's billed as the Higgs factory, a muon collider could also have a lot of the complementary and overlapping physics program of that kind of machine too. So studying the Higgs and going to higher energies to give you the sound bite are really what we want to do with a muon collider.
But those are basically the only two things that I even know what to suggest in terms of trying to resolve things like the hierarchy problem or dark matter or stuff like that.
Okay. Well, step one, um, have three cups of coffee and two existential crises a day. Um, but okay. So my favorite model. I'll give you two answers to this. There's one model that I just hope is right and I just hope is out there just because it'd be nice. So I really hope that there's a new Z prime or vector boson out there. So I want some new spin one particle that looks like a massive photon.
We often will call that the dark photon or a Z prime. I just want that thing to be out there.
I think having the existence of that particle would just open so many interesting questions and it could be the portal to dark matter, it could be the portal to something else interesting, it could be something that mixes with the electroweak sector and there's all sorts of new complicated stuff when we have to reinterpret everything. So I really hope it's out there.
Yeah, basically a heavy photon is what we're looking for. And the reason that that's exciting is because whenever you have a spin one vector particle, it couples to something else. It's charged under something else. So it could be a portal into some whole new world of physics.
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