Cari Cesarotti

some non-trivial distance is getting to be even smaller probability than what's reasonable to expect. So yeah, when you produce the muons like this, of course you get both mu plus and mu minus and you scoop them off into their two different ways to process them. But yeah, once you try to crunch 10 to the 13 muons into a cubic millimeter of space, things start to getting a bit tricky.

some non-trivial distance is getting to be even smaller probability than what's reasonable to expect. So yeah, when you produce the muons like this, of course you get both mu plus and mu minus and you scoop them off into their two different ways to process them. But yeah, once you try to crunch 10 to the 13 muons into a cubic millimeter of space, things start to getting a bit tricky.

Yeah, so this is basically the biggest... open question that we need to resolve as a muon collider collaboration. And so this is called 6D cooling, which sounds very cool. It sounds like you're in higher dimensional space. And really what it means is the sixth dimension is three dimensions for momentum and three dimensions for physical space.

Yeah, so this is basically the biggest... open question that we need to resolve as a muon collider collaboration. And so this is called 6D cooling, which sounds very cool. It sounds like you're in higher dimensional space. And really what it means is the sixth dimension is three dimensions for momentum and three dimensions for physical space.

Because you need all these muons to be traveling not only at the same momentum, but also localized to a very small bunch. And so accelerator physicists have been working on this really for 30 years. And they've made a huge amount of progress, certainly in the last 10 years. But basically, what they do is they design these different ways that you have to have this process of

Because you need all these muons to be traveling not only at the same momentum, but also localized to a very small bunch. And so accelerator physicists have been working on this really for 30 years. And they've made a huge amount of progress, certainly in the last 10 years. But basically, what they do is they design these different ways that you have to have this process of

basically taking momentum from the muons because you can't just squeeze them together. It's like squeezing one of those plastic dog toys, right? You squeeze it in one direction, it explodes in another direction. So you need to lose momentum from the system

basically taking momentum from the muons because you can't just squeeze them together. It's like squeezing one of those plastic dog toys, right? You squeeze it in one direction, it explodes in another direction. So you need to lose momentum from the system

um and then you can use magnets to crunch it back together so it's this constant process of take momentum give momentum take momentum give momentum um and they need to do that basically a hundred and some times before mu1 even decays and then you need to accelerate it so this is just the process of getting it ready to accelerate you have a millionth of a second and you have a millionth of a second

um and then you can use magnets to crunch it back together so it's this constant process of take momentum give momentum take momentum give momentum um and they need to do that basically a hundred and some times before mu1 even decays and then you need to accelerate it so this is just the process of getting it ready to accelerate you have a millionth of a second and you have a millionth of a second

You would think. But even that's hard. So accelerating particles that decay again are an entirely new challenge. Because one, everything in your detector is being constantly sprayed by the decay products. So there's all these other robust things that you need to account for when you're designing this. And the fact that we don't have the same

You would think. But even that's hard. So accelerating particles that decay again are an entirely new challenge. Because one, everything in your detector is being constantly sprayed by the decay products. So there's all these other robust things that you need to account for when you're designing this. And the fact that we don't have the same

We don't have the time effectively to do the same kind of acceleration that we do at the LHC. At the LHC, we just kind of ramp things up and it takes 15 minutes to get those protons up to the speed. We don't have 15 minutes.

We don't have the time effectively to do the same kind of acceleration that we do at the LHC. At the LHC, we just kind of ramp things up and it takes 15 minutes to get those protons up to the speed. We don't have 15 minutes.

We have a microsecond. So the kind of magnetic field that you need to set up to make this feasible is also extremely different.

We have a microsecond. So the kind of magnetic field that you need to set up to make this feasible is also extremely different.

I love how dramatic we are sometimes.

I love how dramatic we are sometimes.

All right. Well, thanks, Chris, for saying that. Jeez. Yeah. I mean, it really cracks me up because neutrinos, when you talk about them in physics, most of the time it's just kind of like, ah, who cares? Who cares? Neutrinos. They're not going to get in your detector. Don't worry about them.

All right. Well, thanks, Chris, for saying that. Jeez. Yeah. I mean, it really cracks me up because neutrinos, when you talk about them in physics, most of the time it's just kind of like, ah, who cares? Who cares? Neutrinos. They're not going to get in your detector. Don't worry about them.