Carole Hooven, Ph.D.

So it's complicated.

But yeah, I think that the ultimate reason is because of the genetic difference, which is the Y chromosome and the hormones, hormonal differences that it leads to.

We haven't talked about female behavior, but of course, nurturing, if you're going to be growing and producing and holding and feeding and caring for a baby.

And you're the one who absolutely has to do it.

And that's the female.

Of course, we get help from men.

And sometimes men even take over as the primary caregivers, which is extremely unusual in mammals.

So men are capable of all of that nurturing if the society values it, because some societies don't value that.

And then they're still capable, but they're not apt to do that.

For females, it just doesn't pay reproductively.

in general, to be super aggressive.

We need our bodies to be healthy and we have to live a long life.

So the longer our lives, the longer our reproductive output.

Men can die young and have great reproductive success.

Yes, if they take risks and physical risks, and that just doesn't have the same payoff for females.

There are some primates, for instance, where the females are relatively aggressive, but it's almost never to the same extent as males.

What would it take for you to not eat that chocolate?

Food is a great way to think about it.

There's food and sex and aggression is for ultimately in a way for sex.

Yes.