Charan Ranganath

And the hippocampus is just putting it all together into these unique things that just are about when and where it happened.

So to speak. Let me try a different analogy, too, that might be more accessible for people, which would be like you've got a folder on your computer, right? And you open it up. There's a bunch of files there. I can sort those files by alphabetical order, and now things that both start with the letter A are lumped together, and things that start with Z versus A are far apart, right?

So to speak. Let me try a different analogy, too, that might be more accessible for people, which would be like you've got a folder on your computer, right? And you open it up. There's a bunch of files there. I can sort those files by alphabetical order, and now things that both start with the letter A are lumped together, and things that start with Z versus A are far apart, right?

So to speak. Let me try a different analogy, too, that might be more accessible for people, which would be like you've got a folder on your computer, right? And you open it up. There's a bunch of files there. I can sort those files by alphabetical order, and now things that both start with the letter A are lumped together, and things that start with Z versus A are far apart, right?

And so that is one way of organizing the folder, but I could do it by date. And if I do it by date, things that were created close together in time are close, and things that are far apart in time are far. So, you can think of how a brain area or a network of areas contributes to memory by looking at what the sorting scheme is.

And so that is one way of organizing the folder, but I could do it by date. And if I do it by date, things that were created close together in time are close, and things that are far apart in time are far. So, you can think of how a brain area or a network of areas contributes to memory by looking at what the sorting scheme is.

And so that is one way of organizing the folder, but I could do it by date. And if I do it by date, things that were created close together in time are close, and things that are far apart in time are far. So, you can think of how a brain area or a network of areas contributes to memory by looking at what the sorting scheme is.

And these QR codes that we're talking about that you get from fMRI allow you to do that. And you can do the same thing if you're recording from massive populations of neurons in an animal. And you can do it for recording local potentials in the brain, so little waves of activity in, let's say, a human who has epilepsy, and they stick electrodes in their brain, try to find the seizures.

And these QR codes that we're talking about that you get from fMRI allow you to do that. And you can do the same thing if you're recording from massive populations of neurons in an animal. And you can do it for recording local potentials in the brain, so little waves of activity in, let's say, a human who has epilepsy, and they stick electrodes in their brain, try to find the seizures.

And these QR codes that we're talking about that you get from fMRI allow you to do that. And you can do the same thing if you're recording from massive populations of neurons in an animal. And you can do it for recording local potentials in the brain, so little waves of activity in, let's say, a human who has epilepsy, and they stick electrodes in their brain, try to find the seizures.

So that's some of the work that we're doing now. But all these techniques basically allow you to say, hey, what's the sorting scheme? We've found that some networks of the brain sort information in memory according to who was there. We've actually shown one of my favorite studies of all time that was done by a former postdoc, Zach Rea.

So that's some of the work that we're doing now. But all these techniques basically allow you to say, hey, what's the sorting scheme? We've found that some networks of the brain sort information in memory according to who was there. We've actually shown one of my favorite studies of all time that was done by a former postdoc, Zach Rea.

So that's some of the work that we're doing now. But all these techniques basically allow you to say, hey, what's the sorting scheme? We've found that some networks of the brain sort information in memory according to who was there. We've actually shown one of my favorite studies of all time that was done by a former postdoc, Zach Rea.

Zach did the study where we had a bunch of movies with different people in my labs. There are two different people, and he filmed them at two different cafes and two different supermarkets.

Zach did the study where we had a bunch of movies with different people in my labs. There are two different people, and he filmed them at two different cafes and two different supermarkets.

Zach did the study where we had a bunch of movies with different people in my labs. There are two different people, and he filmed them at two different cafes and two different supermarkets.

And what you could show is in one particular network, you could find the same kind of pattern of activity, more or less, a very similar pattern of activity every time I saw Alex in one of these movies, no matter where he was, right? And I could see another one that was like a common pattern that happened every time I saw this particular supermarket nugget.

And what you could show is in one particular network, you could find the same kind of pattern of activity, more or less, a very similar pattern of activity every time I saw Alex in one of these movies, no matter where he was, right? And I could see another one that was like a common pattern that happened every time I saw this particular supermarket nugget.

And what you could show is in one particular network, you could find the same kind of pattern of activity, more or less, a very similar pattern of activity every time I saw Alex in one of these movies, no matter where he was, right? And I could see another one that was like a common pattern that happened every time I saw this particular supermarket nugget.

And it didn't matter whether you're watching a movie or whether you're recalling the movie. It's the same kind of pattern that comes up, right? It's so fascinating. It's fascinating. So now you have those building blocks for assembling a model of what's happening in the present. Right.