Charan Ranganath

And it didn't matter whether you're watching a movie or whether you're recalling the movie. It's the same kind of pattern that comes up, right? It's so fascinating. It's fascinating. So now you have those building blocks for assembling a model of what's happening in the present. Right.

And it didn't matter whether you're watching a movie or whether you're recalling the movie. It's the same kind of pattern that comes up, right? It's so fascinating. It's fascinating. So now you have those building blocks for assembling a model of what's happening in the present. Right.

imagining what could happen and remembering things very economically from putting together all these pieces so that all the hippocampus has to do is get the right kind of blueprint for how to put together all these building blocks.

imagining what could happen and remembering things very economically from putting together all these pieces so that all the hippocampus has to do is get the right kind of blueprint for how to put together all these building blocks.

imagining what could happen and remembering things very economically from putting together all these pieces so that all the hippocampus has to do is get the right kind of blueprint for how to put together all these building blocks.

Yeah, I mean, it's very slow. To the brain, 50 milliseconds is like, you know, like it's an eternity. Maybe not 50, you know, maybe like, you know, let's say half a second, 500 milliseconds longer. Just so much back and forth stuff happens in the brain in that time, right? So in fMRI, you can measure these magnetic field responses about six seconds after that burst of activity would take place.

Yeah, I mean, it's very slow. To the brain, 50 milliseconds is like, you know, like it's an eternity. Maybe not 50, you know, maybe like, you know, let's say half a second, 500 milliseconds longer. Just so much back and forth stuff happens in the brain in that time, right? So in fMRI, you can measure these magnetic field responses about six seconds after that burst of activity would take place.

Yeah, I mean, it's very slow. To the brain, 50 milliseconds is like, you know, like it's an eternity. Maybe not 50, you know, maybe like, you know, let's say half a second, 500 milliseconds longer. Just so much back and forth stuff happens in the brain in that time, right? So in fMRI, you can measure these magnetic field responses about six seconds after that burst of activity would take place.

All these things, it's like, is it a feature or is it a bug, right? So one of the interesting things that's been discovered about fMRI is it's not so tightly related to the spiking of the neurons. So we tend to think of the computation, so to speak, as being driven by spikes, meaning like there's just a burst of, it's either on or it's off, and the neuron's like going up or down.

All these things, it's like, is it a feature or is it a bug, right? So one of the interesting things that's been discovered about fMRI is it's not so tightly related to the spiking of the neurons. So we tend to think of the computation, so to speak, as being driven by spikes, meaning like there's just a burst of, it's either on or it's off, and the neuron's like going up or down.

All these things, it's like, is it a feature or is it a bug, right? So one of the interesting things that's been discovered about fMRI is it's not so tightly related to the spiking of the neurons. So we tend to think of the computation, so to speak, as being driven by spikes, meaning like there's just a burst of, it's either on or it's off, and the neuron's like going up or down.

But sometimes what you can have is these states where the neuron becomes a little bit more excitable or less excitable. And so fMRI is very sensitive to those changes in excitability. Actually, one of the fascinating things about fMRI is where does that... How is it we go from neural activity to essentially... blood flow to oxygen, you know, all this stuff.

But sometimes what you can have is these states where the neuron becomes a little bit more excitable or less excitable. And so fMRI is very sensitive to those changes in excitability. Actually, one of the fascinating things about fMRI is where does that... How is it we go from neural activity to essentially... blood flow to oxygen, you know, all this stuff.

But sometimes what you can have is these states where the neuron becomes a little bit more excitable or less excitable. And so fMRI is very sensitive to those changes in excitability. Actually, one of the fascinating things about fMRI is where does that... How is it we go from neural activity to essentially... blood flow to oxygen, you know, all this stuff.

It's such a long chain of, you know, going from neural activity to magnetic fields. And one of the theories that's out there is, you know, most of the cells in the brain are not neurons. They're actually these support cells called glial cells. And one big one is astrocytes. And they play this big role in regulating, you know, kind of being a middle man, so to speak, with the neurons.

It's such a long chain of, you know, going from neural activity to magnetic fields. And one of the theories that's out there is, you know, most of the cells in the brain are not neurons. They're actually these support cells called glial cells. And one big one is astrocytes. And they play this big role in regulating, you know, kind of being a middle man, so to speak, with the neurons.

It's such a long chain of, you know, going from neural activity to magnetic fields. And one of the theories that's out there is, you know, most of the cells in the brain are not neurons. They're actually these support cells called glial cells. And one big one is astrocytes. And they play this big role in regulating, you know, kind of being a middle man, so to speak, with the neurons.

So if you, for instance, like one neuron's talking to another, you release a neurotransmitter, like let's say glutamate. And that gets another neuron starts getting active after you release it in the gap between the two neurons called synapse. So what's interesting is if you leave that, you know, imagine you're just flooded with this like liquid in there, right?

So if you, for instance, like one neuron's talking to another, you release a neurotransmitter, like let's say glutamate. And that gets another neuron starts getting active after you release it in the gap between the two neurons called synapse. So what's interesting is if you leave that, you know, imagine you're just flooded with this like liquid in there, right?

So if you, for instance, like one neuron's talking to another, you release a neurotransmitter, like let's say glutamate. And that gets another neuron starts getting active after you release it in the gap between the two neurons called synapse. So what's interesting is if you leave that, you know, imagine you're just flooded with this like liquid in there, right?