Charan Ranganath

If you leave it in there too long, you just excite the other neuron too much and you can start to basically get seizure activity. You don't want this. So you got to suck it up. And so actually what happens is these astrocytes, one of their functions is to suck up the glutamate from the synapse.

If you leave it in there too long, you just excite the other neuron too much and you can start to basically get seizure activity. You don't want this. So you got to suck it up. And so actually what happens is these astrocytes, one of their functions is to suck up the glutamate from the synapse.

If you leave it in there too long, you just excite the other neuron too much and you can start to basically get seizure activity. You don't want this. So you got to suck it up. And so actually what happens is these astrocytes, one of their functions is to suck up the glutamate from the synapse.

And that is a massively, and then break it down and then feed it back into the neurons so that you can reuse it. But that cycling is actually very energy intensive. And what's interesting is, at least according to one theory, they need to work so quickly that they're working on metabolizing the glucose that comes in without using oxygen, kind of like anaerobic metabolism.

And that is a massively, and then break it down and then feed it back into the neurons so that you can reuse it. But that cycling is actually very energy intensive. And what's interesting is, at least according to one theory, they need to work so quickly that they're working on metabolizing the glucose that comes in without using oxygen, kind of like anaerobic metabolism.

And that is a massively, and then break it down and then feed it back into the neurons so that you can reuse it. But that cycling is actually very energy intensive. And what's interesting is, at least according to one theory, they need to work so quickly that they're working on metabolizing the glucose that comes in without using oxygen, kind of like anaerobic metabolism.

So they're not using oxygen as fast as they are using glucose. So what we're really seeing in some ways may be in fMRI, not the neurons themselves being active, but rather the astrocytes, which are meeting the metabolic demands of the process of keeping the whole system going.

So they're not using oxygen as fast as they are using glucose. So what we're really seeing in some ways may be in fMRI, not the neurons themselves being active, but rather the astrocytes, which are meeting the metabolic demands of the process of keeping the whole system going.

So they're not using oxygen as fast as they are using glucose. So what we're really seeing in some ways may be in fMRI, not the neurons themselves being active, but rather the astrocytes, which are meeting the metabolic demands of the process of keeping the whole system going.

Oh, well, this gets me to the other part. So now let's say, for instance, if I'm just kind of like, I'm talking to you, but I'm kind of paying attention to your cowboy hat, right? So I'm looking off to the right. I'm thinking about the right, even if I'm not looking at it.

Oh, well, this gets me to the other part. So now let's say, for instance, if I'm just kind of like, I'm talking to you, but I'm kind of paying attention to your cowboy hat, right? So I'm looking off to the right. I'm thinking about the right, even if I'm not looking at it.

Oh, well, this gets me to the other part. So now let's say, for instance, if I'm just kind of like, I'm talking to you, but I'm kind of paying attention to your cowboy hat, right? So I'm looking off to the right. I'm thinking about the right, even if I'm not looking at it.

What you'd see is that there would be this little elevation in activity in areas in the visual cortex, which process vision, around that point in space. So if then something happened, like suddenly a light flashed in that part right in front of your cowboy hat, I would have a bigger response to it.

What you'd see is that there would be this little elevation in activity in areas in the visual cortex, which process vision, around that point in space. So if then something happened, like suddenly a light flashed in that part right in front of your cowboy hat, I would have a bigger response to it.

What you'd see is that there would be this little elevation in activity in areas in the visual cortex, which process vision, around that point in space. So if then something happened, like suddenly a light flashed in that part right in front of your cowboy hat, I would have a bigger response to it.

But what you see in fMRI is even if I don't see that flash of light, there's a lot of activity that I can measure because you're kind of keeping it excitable. And that in and of itself, even though I'm not seeing anything there that's particularly interesting, there's still this increase in activity. And so it's more sensitive with fMRI. So is that a feature or is it a bug?

But what you see in fMRI is even if I don't see that flash of light, there's a lot of activity that I can measure because you're kind of keeping it excitable. And that in and of itself, even though I'm not seeing anything there that's particularly interesting, there's still this increase in activity. And so it's more sensitive with fMRI. So is that a feature or is it a bug?

But what you see in fMRI is even if I don't see that flash of light, there's a lot of activity that I can measure because you're kind of keeping it excitable. And that in and of itself, even though I'm not seeing anything there that's particularly interesting, there's still this increase in activity. And so it's more sensitive with fMRI. So is that a feature or is it a bug?

Some people who study spikes in neurons would say, well, that's terrible. We don't want that. Likewise, it's slow. And that's terrible for measuring things that are very fast. But one of the things that we found in our work was when we give people movies and when we give people stories to listen to, a lot of the action is in the very, very slow stuff.

Some people who study spikes in neurons would say, well, that's terrible. We don't want that. Likewise, it's slow. And that's terrible for measuring things that are very fast. But one of the things that we found in our work was when we give people movies and when we give people stories to listen to, a lot of the action is in the very, very slow stuff.