Charan Ranganath

And then this guy in a gorilla costume just walks behind them. And about, I think it's 40% of the people who watch this video don't see the gorilla. And the reason is that you're generating these serious expectations about what's in front of you. And so you're not literally seeing what's in front of you. You are creating an internal model, a simulation really, of what the outside world is.

And then this guy in a gorilla costume just walks behind them. And about, I think it's 40% of the people who watch this video don't see the gorilla. And the reason is that you're generating these serious expectations about what's in front of you. And so you're not literally seeing what's in front of you. You are creating an internal model, a simulation really, of what the outside world is.

And then this guy in a gorilla costume just walks behind them. And about, I think it's 40% of the people who watch this video don't see the gorilla. And the reason is that you're generating these serious expectations about what's in front of you. And so you're not literally seeing what's in front of you. You are creating an internal model, a simulation really, of what the outside world is.

And memory, whether it's semantic memory, which we'll talk about, I'm sure, your knowledge about the world, like the cup thing, if it's episodic memory, which is your memory of what happened, let's say, just a minute ago, it's all coming into play in terms of your sense of where you are, right? If I just ask you, what day is it? You will use episodic memory for that.

And memory, whether it's semantic memory, which we'll talk about, I'm sure, your knowledge about the world, like the cup thing, if it's episodic memory, which is your memory of what happened, let's say, just a minute ago, it's all coming into play in terms of your sense of where you are, right? If I just ask you, what day is it? You will use episodic memory for that.

And memory, whether it's semantic memory, which we'll talk about, I'm sure, your knowledge about the world, like the cup thing, if it's episodic memory, which is your memory of what happened, let's say, just a minute ago, it's all coming into play in terms of your sense of where you are, right? If I just ask you, what day is it? You will use episodic memory for that.

Tomorrow morning, I'm going to wake up in a hotel room. If I don't have episodic memory, I will freak out because I'll be like, where am I? Did I get kidnapped? Why am I here? And that's really the experience of people with memory disorders. I mean, they have to be in really familiar environments because it's frightening otherwise, right?

Tomorrow morning, I'm going to wake up in a hotel room. If I don't have episodic memory, I will freak out because I'll be like, where am I? Did I get kidnapped? Why am I here? And that's really the experience of people with memory disorders. I mean, they have to be in really familiar environments because it's frightening otherwise, right?

Tomorrow morning, I'm going to wake up in a hotel room. If I don't have episodic memory, I will freak out because I'll be like, where am I? Did I get kidnapped? Why am I here? And that's really the experience of people with memory disorders. I mean, they have to be in really familiar environments because it's frightening otherwise, right?

I wouldn't necessarily say that we were never seeing the present. Of course we are, right? But our understanding of the present is so informed by the past that it allows us both to focus on what's important, what's non-redundant with what we already know, and it also allows us to detect surprises and find out the things that are unexpected and grab the most informative stuff as well.

I wouldn't necessarily say that we were never seeing the present. Of course we are, right? But our understanding of the present is so informed by the past that it allows us both to focus on what's important, what's non-redundant with what we already know, and it also allows us to detect surprises and find out the things that are unexpected and grab the most informative stuff as well.

I wouldn't necessarily say that we were never seeing the present. Of course we are, right? But our understanding of the present is so informed by the past that it allows us both to focus on what's important, what's non-redundant with what we already know, and it also allows us to detect surprises and find out the things that are unexpected and grab the most informative stuff as well.

I've got to have you teach this to me sometime.

I've got to have you teach this to me sometime.

I've got to have you teach this to me sometime.

Well, a lot of your sense of where you are comes from episodic memory. Now, there's a school of thought that says that episodic memory, which is your ability to remember past events, comes from your ability to understand where you are. And we have some interesting data from sea lions, actually, that speaks to this issue.

Well, a lot of your sense of where you are comes from episodic memory. Now, there's a school of thought that says that episodic memory, which is your ability to remember past events, comes from your ability to understand where you are. And we have some interesting data from sea lions, actually, that speaks to this issue.

Well, a lot of your sense of where you are comes from episodic memory. Now, there's a school of thought that says that episodic memory, which is your ability to remember past events, comes from your ability to understand where you are. And we have some interesting data from sea lions, actually, that speaks to this issue.

Sea lions, yeah.

Sea lions, yeah.