Charan Ranganath

And so, I mean, just to give you an example – I could not function without that coffee that I had this morning and then coming in here. But my daughter would not be functional after those cups of coffee. Some people really are affected by these different things differently. And then, of course, there's always a dose-response curve, and they often follow these inverted U's.

So Mark Desposito, who was my postdoc mentor, did a lot of work with dopaminergic drugs. And a lot of people had done these drug studies early on on cognition. They would find no effects or sometimes it would make people worse.

So Mark Desposito, who was my postdoc mentor, did a lot of work with dopaminergic drugs. And a lot of people had done these drug studies early on on cognition. They would find no effects or sometimes it would make people worse.

So Mark Desposito, who was my postdoc mentor, did a lot of work with dopaminergic drugs. And a lot of people had done these drug studies early on on cognition. They would find no effects or sometimes it would make people worse.

And what he found was that if you looked more carefully, there was an inverted U effect where some people, and it depended on their working memory capacity, were actually benefiting from the drug. And then these other people who were, let's say, I can't remember if it was higher or lower, were doing worse. And there's a genetic component to that, unsurprisingly.

And what he found was that if you looked more carefully, there was an inverted U effect where some people, and it depended on their working memory capacity, were actually benefiting from the drug. And then these other people who were, let's say, I can't remember if it was higher or lower, were doing worse. And there's a genetic component to that, unsurprisingly.

And what he found was that if you looked more carefully, there was an inverted U effect where some people, and it depended on their working memory capacity, were actually benefiting from the drug. And then these other people who were, let's say, I can't remember if it was higher or lower, were doing worse. And there's a genetic component to that, unsurprisingly.

Dopamine transporters play a role and so forth. And so now you start to get into all of these gene, environment, drug interactions that are just – I would really caution people against saying nicotine is good, nicotine is bad. I think it really, really is a much more complex issue, just like marijuana, right? So you can look at smoking weed in adolescents.

Dopamine transporters play a role and so forth. And so now you start to get into all of these gene, environment, drug interactions that are just – I would really caution people against saying nicotine is good, nicotine is bad. I think it really, really is a much more complex issue, just like marijuana, right? So you can look at smoking weed in adolescents.

Dopamine transporters play a role and so forth. And so now you start to get into all of these gene, environment, drug interactions that are just – I would really caution people against saying nicotine is good, nicotine is bad. I think it really, really is a much more complex issue, just like marijuana, right? So you can look at smoking weed in adolescents.

For people who are at high genetic risk for psychosis, it dramatically increases your risk for psychosis.

For people who are at high genetic risk for psychosis, it dramatically increases your risk for psychosis.

For people who are at high genetic risk for psychosis, it dramatically increases your risk for psychosis.

Maybe cut out any misinformation I might have said in the end.

Maybe cut out any misinformation I might have said in the end.

Maybe cut out any misinformation I might have said in the end.

I mean we're now interestingly seeing this with psychedelics where it's like all these positive effects of psychedelics are being brought up. But a lot of people remember – The negative effects on people like Rocky Erickson from the 13th Floor Elevators or like Sid Barrett from Pink Floyd, who became psychotic after doing large amounts of LSD.

I mean we're now interestingly seeing this with psychedelics where it's like all these positive effects of psychedelics are being brought up. But a lot of people remember – The negative effects on people like Rocky Erickson from the 13th Floor Elevators or like Sid Barrett from Pink Floyd, who became psychotic after doing large amounts of LSD.

I mean we're now interestingly seeing this with psychedelics where it's like all these positive effects of psychedelics are being brought up. But a lot of people remember – The negative effects on people like Rocky Erickson from the 13th Floor Elevators or like Sid Barrett from Pink Floyd, who became psychotic after doing large amounts of LSD.

Rocky Erickson from the 13th Floor Elevators. Great psychedelic band.