Charan Ranganath

And what people, so like Eric Kandel, for instance, one who studied serotonin in particular and emphasized this, but basically many neuromodulators, if you give a little bath, bathe these neurons in serotonin or other neuromodulators, you stabilize that plasticity. And that allows increases in receptor density between these neurons that allow them to communicate more effectively.

And what people, so like Eric Kandel, for instance, one who studied serotonin in particular and emphasized this, but basically many neuromodulators, if you give a little bath, bathe these neurons in serotonin or other neuromodulators, you stabilize that plasticity. And that allows increases in receptor density between these neurons that allow them to communicate more effectively.

Now you can get weakening and LTD too. We won't get into that. But serotonin definitely promotes plasticity, right? And so one of the things I talk about in my book is that memories are – I mean we all have plasticity. As I said, retrieving a memory can allow us to change the memory in certain ways.

Now you can get weakening and LTD too. We won't get into that. But serotonin definitely promotes plasticity, right? And so one of the things I talk about in my book is that memories are – I mean we all have plasticity. As I said, retrieving a memory can allow us to change the memory in certain ways.

Now you can get weakening and LTD too. We won't get into that. But serotonin definitely promotes plasticity, right? And so one of the things I talk about in my book is that memories are – I mean we all have plasticity. As I said, retrieving a memory can allow us to change the memory in certain ways.

And it can change – when you get into the details of it, it becomes complicated in interesting ways. But – The short version is you can change it. We get a small part of what happened when we remember. But there's that feeling of the context. There's that emotional response that we have that's both a kind of a basic raw motivational, my heart's racing or something like that.

And it can change – when you get into the details of it, it becomes complicated in interesting ways. But – The short version is you can change it. We get a small part of what happened when we remember. But there's that feeling of the context. There's that emotional response that we have that's both a kind of a basic raw motivational, my heart's racing or something like that.

And it can change – when you get into the details of it, it becomes complicated in interesting ways. But – The short version is you can change it. We get a small part of what happened when we remember. But there's that feeling of the context. There's that emotional response that we have that's both a kind of a basic raw motivational, my heart's racing or something like that.

That's why people often say, well, emotional memories are stored in the body. Well, it's just part of the memory. It's a retrieval cue, so to speak. And it can also be part of the retrieved experience. But you have all of these factors going on that are part of this emotional memory. And then you have a story that you create, a narrative that you use to make sense of it.

That's why people often say, well, emotional memories are stored in the body. Well, it's just part of the memory. It's a retrieval cue, so to speak. And it can also be part of the retrieved experience. But you have all of these factors going on that are part of this emotional memory. And then you have a story that you create, a narrative that you use to make sense of it.

That's why people often say, well, emotional memories are stored in the body. Well, it's just part of the memory. It's a retrieval cue, so to speak. And it can also be part of the retrieved experience. But you have all of these factors going on that are part of this emotional memory. And then you have a story that you create, a narrative that you use to make sense of it.

And that affects all these physiological systems too, right? So... Every time I talk in the book about an example of how group therapy is so powerful as a means of memory updating and social interactions, where it's like people can change the narrative.

And that affects all these physiological systems too, right? So... Every time I talk in the book about an example of how group therapy is so powerful as a means of memory updating and social interactions, where it's like people can change the narrative.

And that affects all these physiological systems too, right? So... Every time I talk in the book about an example of how group therapy is so powerful as a means of memory updating and social interactions, where it's like people can change the narrative.

They say, well, I gave you this narrative about how I'm loud, and you told me, well, I remember hanging out with you, and you weren't loud then, and you're not loud now. And so now I can update these memories maybe.

They say, well, I gave you this narrative about how I'm loud, and you told me, well, I remember hanging out with you, and you weren't loud then, and you're not loud now. And so now I can update these memories maybe.

They say, well, I gave you this narrative about how I'm loud, and you told me, well, I remember hanging out with you, and you weren't loud then, and you're not loud now. And so now I can update these memories maybe.

Yeah, exactly. I could reframe it, right? And these framing effects are huge. So in theory, people can take an experience that was traumatic, and many people do, and say, this made me who I am, and I'm happy with who I am now, even though it's a horrible thing. I'm stronger for it, or I'm a survivor, or I couldn't have done anything about it, and it's not my fault.

Yeah, exactly. I could reframe it, right? And these framing effects are huge. So in theory, people can take an experience that was traumatic, and many people do, and say, this made me who I am, and I'm happy with who I am now, even though it's a horrible thing. I'm stronger for it, or I'm a survivor, or I couldn't have done anything about it, and it's not my fault.

Yeah, exactly. I could reframe it, right? And these framing effects are huge. So in theory, people can take an experience that was traumatic, and many people do, and say, this made me who I am, and I'm happy with who I am now, even though it's a horrible thing. I'm stronger for it, or I'm a survivor, or I couldn't have done anything about it, and it's not my fault.