David Allison

is because the pharma companies say, it's not worth it for us because we won't make enough money to offset the development platform.

That's a problem there.

But in any case, in other situations like a GLP-1 agonist, it does.

So they develop them.

They spend hundreds of millions of dollars.

They do them to the utmost rigor.

They're probably the most rigorous human health studies done on the planet these days.

Their margins in the food industry are much lower.

They often can't patent stuff quite so easily.

It's hard to patent a grapefruit, right?

So if you're the grapefruit sellers and you want to do some study, you're not going to patent grapefruit even though you may have some benefit from it.

So that creates a problem, which sometimes leads to why people want supplements and things so that maybe they can get some patent protection.

But even that can be limited at times.

You don't have the economic model for it, and so they just don't.

I don't have the numbers at my fingertips.

I don't know if anybody does.

But if you said to me, we're going to take all the money spent on research looking at the effects of food, not how do you make food, not how do you make a better chocolate bar or a better macaroni and cheese or something, but what are the effects of eating that chocolate bar or macaroni and cheese?

and you added it up across every single commodity group, the dairy council, the egg board, every single food company, every dietary supplement company, and you added all of what they spend on research.

I would be very surprised if it exceeds a billion dollars across the entire country.

So there's very little