Demis Hassabis

But then there's a third level, which I call it kind of invention or out of the box thinking, which is not only can you come up with a move 37, but could you have invented go, right? Or another measure I like to use is if we went back to time of Einstein in 1900, early 1900s, could an AI system actually come up with general relativity with the same information that Einstein had at the time?

And clearly today, the answer is no to those things, right? It can't invent a game as great as Go, and it wouldn't be able to invent general relativity just from the information that Einstein had at the time. And so there's still something missing from our systems to get true out-of-the-box thinking. But I think it will come, but we just don't have it yet.

And clearly today, the answer is no to those things, right? It can't invent a game as great as Go, and it wouldn't be able to invent general relativity just from the information that Einstein had at the time. And so there's still something missing from our systems to get true out-of-the-box thinking. But I think it will come, but we just don't have it yet.

And clearly today, the answer is no to those things, right? It can't invent a game as great as Go, and it wouldn't be able to invent general relativity just from the information that Einstein had at the time. And so there's still something missing from our systems to get true out-of-the-box thinking. But I think it will come, but we just don't have it yet.

Yeah, with AlphaGo, we sort of cracked the pinnacle of board games, right? So Go was always considered the Mount Everest, if you like, of games AI for board games. But there are even more complex games by some measures if you take on board the most complex strategy games that you can play on computers.

Yeah, with AlphaGo, we sort of cracked the pinnacle of board games, right? So Go was always considered the Mount Everest, if you like, of games AI for board games. But there are even more complex games by some measures if you take on board the most complex strategy games that you can play on computers.

Yeah, with AlphaGo, we sort of cracked the pinnacle of board games, right? So Go was always considered the Mount Everest, if you like, of games AI for board games. But there are even more complex games by some measures if you take on board the most complex strategy games that you can play on computers.

And Starcraft 2 is acknowledged to be the sort of classic of the genre of real time strategy games. And it's a very complex game. You've got to build up your base and your units and other things. So every game is different, right? And the board game is very fluid and you've got to move many units around in real time.

And Starcraft 2 is acknowledged to be the sort of classic of the genre of real time strategy games. And it's a very complex game. You've got to build up your base and your units and other things. So every game is different, right? And the board game is very fluid and you've got to move many units around in real time.

And Starcraft 2 is acknowledged to be the sort of classic of the genre of real time strategy games. And it's a very complex game. You've got to build up your base and your units and other things. So every game is different, right? And the board game is very fluid and you've got to move many units around in real time.

And the way we cracked that was to add this additional level in of a league of agents competing against each other. all seeded with slightly different initial strategies. And then you kind of get a sort of survival of the fittest. You have a tournament between them all. So it's a kind of multi-agent setup now.

And the way we cracked that was to add this additional level in of a league of agents competing against each other. all seeded with slightly different initial strategies. And then you kind of get a sort of survival of the fittest. You have a tournament between them all. So it's a kind of multi-agent setup now.

And the way we cracked that was to add this additional level in of a league of agents competing against each other. all seeded with slightly different initial strategies. And then you kind of get a sort of survival of the fittest. You have a tournament between them all. So it's a kind of multi-agent setup now.

And the strategies that win out in that tournament go to the next, you know, the next epoch. And then you generate some other new strategies around that. And you keep doing that for many generations. You're kind of both having this idea of self-play that we had in AlphaGo, but you're adding in this multi-agent competitive, almost evolutionary dynamic in there.

And the strategies that win out in that tournament go to the next, you know, the next epoch. And then you generate some other new strategies around that. And you keep doing that for many generations. You're kind of both having this idea of self-play that we had in AlphaGo, but you're adding in this multi-agent competitive, almost evolutionary dynamic in there.

And the strategies that win out in that tournament go to the next, you know, the next epoch. And then you generate some other new strategies around that. And you keep doing that for many generations. You're kind of both having this idea of self-play that we had in AlphaGo, but you're adding in this multi-agent competitive, almost evolutionary dynamic in there.

And then eventually you get an agent or a set of agents that are kind of the Nash distribution of agents. So no other strategy dominates them, but they dominate the most number of other strategies. And then you have this kind of Nash equilibrium, and then you pick out the top agents from that. And that succeeded very well with this type of very open-ended kind of gameplay.

And then eventually you get an agent or a set of agents that are kind of the Nash distribution of agents. So no other strategy dominates them, but they dominate the most number of other strategies. And then you have this kind of Nash equilibrium, and then you pick out the top agents from that. And that succeeded very well with this type of very open-ended kind of gameplay.

And then eventually you get an agent or a set of agents that are kind of the Nash distribution of agents. So no other strategy dominates them, but they dominate the most number of other strategies. And then you have this kind of Nash equilibrium, and then you pick out the top agents from that. And that succeeded very well with this type of very open-ended kind of gameplay.

So it's quite different from what you get with chess or Go, where the rules are very prescribed and the pieces that you get are always the same. And it's sort of a very ordered game. Something like StarCraft's much more chaotic. So it's sort of interesting to have to deal with that. It has hidden information too. You can't see the whole map at once. You have to explore it.