Dominic D'Agostino

It's analogous to 1,3-butanediol is analogous to drinking alcohol.

Instead of generating acetate, you're generating beta-hydroxybutyrate, another alternative fuel for the brain.

you are generating a beta-hydroxybutyrate aldehyde that is relatively short-lived, but you can overwhelm the ADH enzyme.

So if you drink too much of it, you can overwhelm the enzymatic degradation.

And Henri Brunengraber did some seminal studies on this that he shared with me.

Some of it's published.

They had a ketogenic dog model that they gave 1,3-butanediol as a hypoglycemic agent.

So it's a hypoglycemic agent because it de-energizes the liver and prevents glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis because those mechanisms in the liver are highly, highly energy dependent.

So that's analogous to alcoholic ketoacidosis.

When you have an alcoholic that's fasting and he overconsumes alcohol, he goes to the ER because he experiences alcoholic ketoacidosis.

You have runaway ketogenesis because you're inhibiting gluconeogenesis.

Because the liver cannot.

If you increase insulin, that insulin is going to only facilitate glucose disposal.

So the main thing is the liver.

The liver is like...

In alcoholic ketoacidosis?

I do like a sardine fast.

So protein-sparing fast?

I'll do like a five-day, yeah, two or three cans of sardines a day.

I get the same benefits and it mitigates a lot of the negative effects.