Dominic D'Agostino

You de-energize the liver so the liver can't undergo gluconeogenesis, to some extent glycogenolysis.

Then you have the electrolyte balance, you get dehydration.

So it's a constellation of things.

But getting back to 1,3-butanediol, if you consume it and you consume large amounts of it, like some of the early work that was done by, you can overwhelm that enzymatic cascade and you can start generating a lot of these aldehyde intermediates.

And that's

Maybe not a good thing.

So with 1,3-butanediol, I see two problems I think people should be aware of, especially people maybe that are elderly or using it for cognitive enhancement, is that you get buzzed on it.

I've probably consumed 1,3-butanediol than anybody.

We had it in like big 20 liter vials of it.

Yeah.

Experimented with the racemic and also with the RN antimer and kind of the same thing.

It's great.

And actually, I think it has applications for cancer because it does have a glucose lowering effect.

mixed it in with a standard diet and gave it to animals with metastatic cancer and it suppressed cancer growth and put them into ketones.

So it has some applications there.

But getting back to the ideal ketone, drinking 1,3-butanediol to elevate BHB is somewhat analogous to drinking alcohol to generate acetate, which is a great molecule.

I mean...

Yeah.

So what Dr. Veach and Henri Brunengraber did, and there was some others too involved in the research, Sammy Hashim developed a glycerol beta-hydroxybutyrate ester.

You can take 1,3-butanediol and do a trans-esterification reaction and add beta-hydroxybutyrate to it, or you can add acetoacetate.