Dominic D'Agostino

So you have the D that gets burned up quickly for fuel and then the L that kind of hangs around, gets metabolized slower.

But then that's hitting the various receptors.

So you have the GPR109A receptor and you have epigenetic effects.

You have the NLRP3 inflammasome.

So you have important signaling functions that ketones are attributed to.

And D-beta-hydroxybutyrate has been spent and used as fuel, but the L is hanging around and actually preserving that signaling effect, the positive signaling effect.

The continuous ketone monitor and the Abbott are more measuring D or L. They only measure the D. They do not measure the L. I've had conversations with them.

And even though your body makes small amounts of it, it's usually just in the tissue.

However, pharmaceutical companies are the ones kind of that have reached out.

As you know, there's quite a bit of patent literature because I was talking about this.

a while ago.

So I think the Buck Institute has like patents on L-beta-hydroxybutyrate.

I would say there's probably about three dozen patents on L now because I've kind of probably attributed to me because I'm talking about the effects.

However, I think Dr. Veach brought up a good point and he was right in that D-beta-hydroxybutyrate is energetically favorable for producing ATP.

But a D-L mixture is almost like you get the benefits of the D and then you get the signaling benefits of the L.

And we delivered that with an ester.

We delivered that with the ketone diester.

And that gave us remarkable results in seizure control and animal models of cancer.

And we also used the DL salts.

So I think the industry is kind of coming full circle.