Dominic D'Agostino

Department of Defense has Office of Navy Research.

They have the CDMRP, which is Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program, and also NAVSEA.

So this is an ONR project that got spun into a NAVSEA project, so Naval Sea Command project.

So NAVSEA is more human studies, and an ONR is basic science and then some human research.

Before I begin, I want to direct people to your early blogs, which I assume are still up on nutritional ketosis.

I'm sure they are.

So nutritional ketosis, let's take a little bit of a step back.

Ketosis, I like to start with fasting.

So when you stop eating, you suppress the hormone insulin, you mobilize fatty acids for fuel.

The brain's not a good, it can't use the long chain fatty acids that are stored in your adipose tissue.

So through beta oxidation of fatty acids in the liver, accelerated beta oxidation in the context of insulin suppression generates these molecules, beta hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate.

and then they spill into circulation, and they become largely responsible for preserving brain energy metabolism in the context of energy deprivation or carbohydrate restriction.

And the elevation of beta-hydroxybutyrate or acetoacetate in the blood, in the urine, or the breath becomes...

a biomarker for ketosis.

So you can achieve ketosis through fasting, through diet, through supplements or alcoholic ketoacidosis.

That's another thing or diabetic ketoacidosis.

And we could talk about that in context.

And then you have nutritional ketosis, which is eating carbohydrate restricted ketogenic diet that's primarily high in fat.

The original diet was 90% fat,

modified versions of the diet are about 60 to 70% fat with higher protein.