Dr. Abraham Morgentaler

Yeah.

Yeah.

Yeah. So, you know, listen, I'll give you my take on guidelines. Guidelines is an important, has been an important step forward in the last, it's really only in this century, you know, the last 20 years or so. And it's really, they provide guidance, but they're not the rule of law, right? And in the end, it's a group of individuals. You could have 10 people sitting in a guideline panel and

Yeah. So, you know, listen, I'll give you my take on guidelines. Guidelines is an important, has been an important step forward in the last, it's really only in this century, you know, the last 20 years or so. And it's really, they provide guidance, but they're not the rule of law, right? And in the end, it's a group of individuals. You could have 10 people sitting in a guideline panel and

And they all might practice differently, 10 different ways. But they have to come up with basically a consensus document. So they might say, okay, let's say 300 is the number. So they put that out. And maybe they have other requirements too. How many times do you check? Does it have to be morning? Does it have to be afternoon?

And they all might practice differently, 10 different ways. But they have to come up with basically a consensus document. So they might say, okay, let's say 300 is the number. So they put that out. And maybe they have other requirements too. How many times do you check? Does it have to be morning? Does it have to be afternoon?

And at the end, after putting that out, they all go home to their practices and they can still practice differently than the guidelines, 10 different ways. But people think, oh, it's guidelines. There's a clear way, right way to do things and wrong thing. And you can't deviate. No, not at all.

And at the end, after putting that out, they all go home to their practices and they can still practice differently than the guidelines, 10 different ways. But people think, oh, it's guidelines. There's a clear way, right way to do things and wrong thing. And you can't deviate. No, not at all.

I think guidelines are helpful for the novice, in my opinion, that gives you a general sense of what's probably safe to do. And in almost all circumstances, conservative, But I think once a physician or a healthcare provider gains a certain amount of clinical experience, clinical experience can, in my opinion, often outweighs what the guidelines say.

I think guidelines are helpful for the novice, in my opinion, that gives you a general sense of what's probably safe to do. And in almost all circumstances, conservative, But I think once a physician or a healthcare provider gains a certain amount of clinical experience, clinical experience can, in my opinion, often outweighs what the guidelines say.

Right. So let me use that question to get back to solving the mystery of testosterone and prostate cancer. Like, how is it that lowering it is helpful, but raising it doesn't seem to be dangerous, right? And the answer is the term that you used, which is saturation, that I came up with in about 2007. And then together with my dear colleague, Abdul Tresh, we really put the finishing touches on it.

Right. So let me use that question to get back to solving the mystery of testosterone and prostate cancer. Like, how is it that lowering it is helpful, but raising it doesn't seem to be dangerous, right? And the answer is the term that you used, which is saturation, that I came up with in about 2007. And then together with my dear colleague, Abdul Tresh, we really put the finishing touches on it.

And what saturation means is that if you started out either prostate cancer cells or prostate cells or animals or humans... with essentially zero testosterone. You give them more testosterone. Prostate tissue does need androgens, testosterone-like substances, in order to grow. True. It's a requirement for them. But it turns out that the maximum ability to grow

And what saturation means is that if you started out either prostate cancer cells or prostate cells or animals or humans... with essentially zero testosterone. You give them more testosterone. Prostate tissue does need androgens, testosterone-like substances, in order to grow. True. It's a requirement for them. But it turns out that the maximum ability to grow

maxes out at a relatively low concentration of testosterone, which looks like it's around 250 nanograms per deciliter. So there are studies, and I'm a part of one, Mokira, that you mentioned, published another one, where if you have men who have levels below 250 and they get testosterone, the PSA, which is a marker of prostate activity, goes up.

maxes out at a relatively low concentration of testosterone, which looks like it's around 250 nanograms per deciliter. So there are studies, and I'm a part of one, Mokira, that you mentioned, published another one, where if you have men who have levels below 250 and they get testosterone, the PSA, which is a marker of prostate activity, goes up.

If they start with a testosterone above 250 and you give them more testosterone, nothing happens. So that saturation, imagine a sponge with water, you can put it on a scale, has a certain weight. You add a little water, it absorbs it, the weight goes up. You add more and more water, at some point it's saturated. It can only hold so much water. Adding any more water doesn't do anything, right?

If they start with a testosterone above 250 and you give them more testosterone, nothing happens. So that saturation, imagine a sponge with water, you can put it on a scale, has a certain weight. You add a little water, it absorbs it, the weight goes up. You add more and more water, at some point it's saturated. It can only hold so much water. Adding any more water doesn't do anything, right?

So it's maxed out. And different prostate, it looks like the saturation point is around 250. Different tissues are different. So, you know, men who are castrated or undergo treatment, so medical equivalent of castration, get hot flashes just like women in menopause.

So it's maxed out. And different prostate, it looks like the saturation point is around 250. Different tissues are different. So, you know, men who are castrated or undergo treatment, so medical equivalent of castration, get hot flashes just like women in menopause.