Dr. Adeel Khan
speaker
165 appearances
1 recordings
1 series
first heard Nov 2024
last heard Nov 2024
Dr. Adeel Khan’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.
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And so a better term for it that Arnold Kaplan, who's the guy who coined the term mesenchymal stem cells in 1992, he's the guy who coined it. He wrote a paper about this, but basically he said that these things should be called committed progenitor cells, which is
a fancy word for just saying that they can't turn into new tissue, that they can reduce inflammation, which can still be useful in some conditions, but it's just misleading because a lot of patients are like, oh yeah, I got stem cell injections. It's like, well, it wasn't really a stem cell per se. It was more just something to reduce inflammation because it's not
Because remember, the definition of a stem cell is something that can actually regenerate new tissue. And if you're just taking your fat or your bone marrow and injecting it, that's not regenerating new tissue through the mechanism of that stem cell. It may send signals to your own body stem cells to help with some regeneration. But for the most part, it's an anti-inflammatory product.
And so that's the number one thing to understand about these. And this is, we're talking about the broader category of mesenchymal stem cells, which is just, you know, an embryological term. But essentially what it means is this is from, you know, the reason we use mesenchymal stem cells is because they're the easiest to source.
because they're in the fat, they're in the bone marrow, they're from the medical core tissue or dental pulp. There's so many different sources now. But that's the reason why MSCs or mesenchymal stem cells are so popular. And the other reason is because mesenchymal stem cells only have a finite ability to differentiate which means they can they won't cause tumors or cancer.
Of course, that's always been a concern with like embryonic stem cells, which if you're taking them from aborted fetuses, which some clinics still do. And obviously during the Bush era, there was a lot of controversy around that. And that's why stem cells kind of got categorized into this unethical thing. But that's not how we're sourcing our stem cells. We're sourcing them.
You know, obviously we're not we're not harming any babies and they're being sourced from C-section births after, you know, and some instead of being thrown away, they're donated. So it's a very simple collection process.
But the problem with the mesenchymal stem cells, as we said, is first of all, there's a lot of clinics saying that they're taking your fat and bone marrow and claiming their stem cells, which are not. But let's say, let's say you go offshore somewhere and they can isolate them and then they can do what's called culture expansion, which means they can grow them and they can replicate them.
So then they can actually have some sort of dose that can be a therapeutic and potentially regenerate tissue in theory. But then again, What happened, it turns out, when you take these stem cells, whether from any of these sources, when you put them in the body, most of them don't survive. And when you do them intravenously, most of them get trapped in the lungs or die.
And that's why the results have been very inconsistent. And that's why stem cells haven't taken off the way we thought they would, you know, 10, 15 years ago. And that's why the clinical trials have been so mixed. Uh, and so unfortunately there's still a lot of clinics claiming that, you know, we can regenerate tissue. You can do it.
And it's just, it's just misleading because, and even I thought this, you know, which is that I thought IV stem cells were great, but it turns out a lot of them just get trapped in the lungs and most of them die. And that even with that, you still get some people who get benefits and that's, and that's, and that's the old generation technology, but now we can isolate.
We can isolate the best stem cell population and use that one. So it turns out that when you take a stem cell, a mesenchymal stem cell, there's actually 17 subtypes, which is kind of crazy if you think about it. So it's like they, they, there's something called single cell RNA sequencing, which is basically to look at gene expression of individual cell profiles.
So that way you can see how different cells behave. And then you can see that, hey, there's actually these 17 different cliques that they hang out together and they behave differently. And some of them are more useless and some of them are more useful. So we don't necessarily want all 17 subtypes, which is what most stem cell clinics do. And that's what we were doing up until a year ago.
But as you know, I spent the summer in Japan. And in Japan, they won the Nobel Prize for regenerative medicine, Professor Yamanaka. for cellular reprogramming, and which we can talk about those stem cells. But there was another professor, Professor Mary Dazawa, who discovered something called new cells, which stands for multi lineage, differentiating stress enduring cells. So it's a mouthful.
All you need to remember for people is that these are cells that are used exactly the muse, the muse is a cool stuff. And they're able to, they're pluripotent, which means they can differentiate into all 220 cell types in our body or over 200 cell types. And they are stress enduring, which means they can survive harsh environments. So that's really the key.
So they don't die when they go in the body. So we can isolate these using cell sorting technology and filter them out so that we're injecting primarily new stem cells instead of just injecting all the different types of stem cells. And so that's now what we've moved on to. And of course, you talked earlier about your back and that's what we use for you.
And that's what we're using exclusively just because the results are so much more consistent and the science makes a lot of sense. And I'm in the process of doing some clinical work with Professor DeZawa as well. And we want to investigate these new cells for a lot of different conditions, but In Japan, they've already published files for ALS, for heart attacks, for stroke.
And these are not easy to treat conditions. And with intravenous new cells, you do see benefits. And of course, we're seeing that in the real world, treating patients with all sorts of degenerative conditions and actually seeing a real meaningful difference. And that's just because these cells are actually surviving and doing what they are meant to do, which is reduce inflammation and
repair cellular function, reduce oxidative stress. We know one of the biggest mechanisms by which they work is through mitochondrial DNA transfer and mitophagy, which is preparing damaged mitochondria. And I think everyone now knows the mitochondria are so important, not just for energy, but for regulating cellular metabolism and aging.
So that's why there's so much interest in this space for longevity and not just orthopedic conditions. And so those are mesenchymal stem cells. And then there's also induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs. And that's the Yamanaka stem cells where you can take any old cell and you can make a young again. So, of course, when you think about that, you're like, holy, that's great.
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