Dr. Andy Galpin

Now this causes things that are eventually going to be cell death and degradation because of production of what's called ROS. ROS is R-O-S, a reactive oxygen species. So remember, oxygen is very reactive. It is good and bad. You have to have oxygen for fuel, allow you to create fuel rather. It's a byproduct needed to make aerobic metabolism.

Now this causes things that are eventually going to be cell death and degradation because of production of what's called ROS. ROS is R-O-S, a reactive oxygen species. So remember, oxygen is very reactive. It is good and bad. You have to have oxygen for fuel, allow you to create fuel rather. It's a byproduct needed to make aerobic metabolism.

At the same time, excessive amounts of it are going to be damaging. This is how we break down tissue. This is how we create and clean out dead and debride cells. And so if we're generating way too much of this reactive oxygen species, this is almost synonymous every time with oxidative stress. These are kind of similar terms, not the exact same thing, but pretty close.

At the same time, excessive amounts of it are going to be damaging. This is how we break down tissue. This is how we create and clean out dead and debride cells. And so if we're generating way too much of this reactive oxygen species, this is almost synonymous every time with oxidative stress. These are kind of similar terms, not the exact same thing, but pretty close.

This also activates several enzymes that damage the cell structure. These are everything from what we'll call proteases, so an anase is an enzyme that breaks down a protein, to lipases, these are enzymes that break down fats, nitric oxides, synthases, and endonucleuses, and other things like that. A whole cask of enzymes that start breaking the thing down.

This also activates several enzymes that damage the cell structure. These are everything from what we'll call proteases, so an anase is an enzyme that breaks down a protein, to lipases, these are enzymes that break down fats, nitric oxides, synthases, and endonucleuses, and other things like that. A whole cask of enzymes that start breaking the thing down.

You don't know exactly what's happening here, but the cell thinks that there's problems, because there are, and so it just starts activating cell death. So we're having issues with that. In addition to that, that calcium specificity becomes a problem because it alone harms mitochondrial health and efficiency. And so the cells that do stay alive start getting really damaged mitochondria.

You don't know exactly what's happening here, but the cell thinks that there's problems, because there are, and so it just starts activating cell death. So we're having issues with that. In addition to that, that calcium specificity becomes a problem because it alone harms mitochondrial health and efficiency. And so the cells that do stay alive start getting really damaged mitochondria.

This is, again, because of a membrane damage issue that allows too much permeability of things in and out. And that Of course, eliminates or drastically reduces mitochondria's ability to work, which means your ability to make ATP. Remember, ATP is the cellular currency. It's the only way any living cell can create energy. And so mitochondria is not the only way we can make ATP. Hold on to that.

This is, again, because of a membrane damage issue that allows too much permeability of things in and out. And that Of course, eliminates or drastically reduces mitochondria's ability to work, which means your ability to make ATP. Remember, ATP is the cellular currency. It's the only way any living cell can create energy. And so mitochondria is not the only way we can make ATP. Hold on to that.

We're going to come back to that. But it is a primary way, and it is the exclusive way in which we generate aerobic metabolism. So the way that we create fuel... with oxygen has to go for mitochondria. So damaged or ineffective mitochondria is going to directly lead to reduced ATP production. Reduced ATP production simply means we have way more cellular energy in our brain.

We're going to come back to that. But it is a primary way, and it is the exclusive way in which we generate aerobic metabolism. So the way that we create fuel... with oxygen has to go for mitochondria. So damaged or ineffective mitochondria is going to directly lead to reduced ATP production. Reduced ATP production simply means we have way more cellular energy in our brain.

This idea of brain fog or fatigue or can't remember things, recall, executive decision, if you don't have energy, your brain can't think. That's quite literally what's happening. This is why some of the supplements and micronutrients we're going to talk about later have such positive effect, is they help you restore what's called that energy balance.

This idea of brain fog or fatigue or can't remember things, recall, executive decision, if you don't have energy, your brain can't think. That's quite literally what's happening. This is why some of the supplements and micronutrients we're going to talk about later have such positive effect, is they help you restore what's called that energy balance.

The damage occurred, you weren't able to get transportation of oxygen and things in, this allowed permeability of calcium, this allowed too much excitation, which means we're burning too much energy. At the same time, we don't create enough energy, and so we end up being in this really catabolic or negative energy state.

The damage occurred, you weren't able to get transportation of oxygen and things in, this allowed permeability of calcium, this allowed too much excitation, which means we're burning too much energy. At the same time, we don't create enough energy, and so we end up being in this really catabolic or negative energy state.

And now we can't think well, we're dealing with signs and symptoms, and overall, more importantly, our brain is actually physically unhealthy. And so because your brain is measuring energy production at all times, it knows this imbalance is occurring, it's going to try to alleviate it. And the best way to do that is to ramp up energy production.

And now we can't think well, we're dealing with signs and symptoms, and overall, more importantly, our brain is actually physically unhealthy. And so because your brain is measuring energy production at all times, it knows this imbalance is occurring, it's going to try to alleviate it. And the best way to do that is to ramp up energy production.

But since it can't do it aerobically, it has to turn to anaerobic methods. And specifically what we're talking about here is anaerobic glycolysis. One more time, go back to our previous episode, I believe it was episode two on muscle, and we talk about the physiology and bioenergetics of how we use carbohydrates for fuel. It's the same.

But since it can't do it aerobically, it has to turn to anaerobic methods. And specifically what we're talking about here is anaerobic glycolysis. One more time, go back to our previous episode, I believe it was episode two on muscle, and we talk about the physiology and bioenergetics of how we use carbohydrates for fuel. It's the same.