Dr. Brian Keating

He would always improve things and make them so much better that he would obliterate his competition. Galileo.

Yeah, I would say he gave the hypothesis. He wasn't wrong. Galileo didn't correct him. It's just Galileo brought evidence to the table. He brought hard scientific observation.

Yeah, I would say he gave the hypothesis. He wasn't wrong. Galileo didn't correct him. It's just Galileo brought evidence to the table. He brought hard scientific observation.

Yeah, I would say he gave the hypothesis. He wasn't wrong. Galileo didn't correct him. It's just Galileo brought evidence to the table. He brought hard scientific observation.

So what was the milieu of the time was that the Earth was the center of the universe, which was our solar system effectively was the whole universe. They didn't know about stars and galaxies, certainly. We can get into that later. But there was what's known as the Ptolemaic concept of the organization of the cosmos.

So what was the milieu of the time was that the Earth was the center of the universe, which was our solar system effectively was the whole universe. They didn't know about stars and galaxies, certainly. We can get into that later. But there was what's known as the Ptolemaic concept of the organization of the cosmos.

So what was the milieu of the time was that the Earth was the center of the universe, which was our solar system effectively was the whole universe. They didn't know about stars and galaxies, certainly. We can get into that later. But there was what's known as the Ptolemaic concept of the organization of the cosmos.

So the earliest cosmological models were that the sun is the center – the earth is the center of the universe and everything goes around it. However, these were not dopes. They knew that there were problems with that model. There are certain aspects of the orbits of planets for example. I mentioned Mercury's retrograde and what does retrograde mean?

So the earliest cosmological models were that the sun is the center – the earth is the center of the universe and everything goes around it. However, these were not dopes. They knew that there were problems with that model. There are certain aspects of the orbits of planets for example. I mentioned Mercury's retrograde and what does retrograde mean?

So the earliest cosmological models were that the sun is the center – the earth is the center of the universe and everything goes around it. However, these were not dopes. They knew that there were problems with that model. There are certain aspects of the orbits of planets for example. I mentioned Mercury's retrograde and what does retrograde mean?

We don't have to get into it, but there are anomalies that the planets will undergo at different times of the year due to the fact that the Earth is, we know now, rotating, revolving around the sun and rotating on its axis, but the main effect is its revolution around the sun.

We don't have to get into it, but there are anomalies that the planets will undergo at different times of the year due to the fact that the Earth is, we know now, rotating, revolving around the sun and rotating on its axis, but the main effect is its revolution around the sun.

We don't have to get into it, but there are anomalies that the planets will undergo at different times of the year due to the fact that the Earth is, we know now, rotating, revolving around the sun and rotating on its axis, but the main effect is its revolution around the sun.

And the other planets are too in the same plane, the zodiac plane, what's called the ecliptic due to the angular momentum of the proto-solar system. And sometimes the Earth goes faster than, say, Jupiter. So originally it will be out in front, if you will, of the planet, forward center of motion, as you like to say. And then it will be behind it later on.

And the other planets are too in the same plane, the zodiac plane, what's called the ecliptic due to the angular momentum of the proto-solar system. And sometimes the Earth goes faster than, say, Jupiter. So originally it will be out in front, if you will, of the planet, forward center of motion, as you like to say. And then it will be behind it later on.

And the other planets are too in the same plane, the zodiac plane, what's called the ecliptic due to the angular momentum of the proto-solar system. And sometimes the Earth goes faster than, say, Jupiter. So originally it will be out in front, if you will, of the planet, forward center of motion, as you like to say. And then it will be behind it later on.

And so it looks like Jupiter is making like this weird S curve. And they couldn't explain that if the Earth is the center of the solar system except that they added on what are called epicycles.

And so it looks like Jupiter is making like this weird S curve. And they couldn't explain that if the Earth is the center of the solar system except that they added on what are called epicycles.

And so it looks like Jupiter is making like this weird S curve. And they couldn't explain that if the Earth is the center of the solar system except that they added on what are called epicycles.

They added on extra little orbits of the planets in order to account for that motion that sometimes it appears, yes, we're moving bulk motion, but then sometimes it goes in the opposite direction when we're going in the same direction. So smart. Yeah, they were very smart.