Dr. Brian Keating

Snellen chart, okay.

Snellen chart, okay.

Snellen chart, okay.

But all those eye charts, every DMV here has the exact same size for the E at the top, okay? It's a calibration standard. How could they do that 400 years ago? We're talking 430 years ago. It turns out there was one and only one standard that was acceptable across all of Western Europe. It was the Gutenberg Bible.

But all those eye charts, every DMV here has the exact same size for the E at the top, okay? It's a calibration standard. How could they do that 400 years ago? We're talking 430 years ago. It turns out there was one and only one standard that was acceptable across all of Western Europe. It was the Gutenberg Bible.

But all those eye charts, every DMV here has the exact same size for the E at the top, okay? It's a calibration standard. How could they do that 400 years ago? We're talking 430 years ago. It turns out there was one and only one standard that was acceptable across all of Western Europe. It was the Gutenberg Bible.

The Gutenberg Bible was set in print by Gutenberg, and it had a fixed size of all the characters. So what they would do is at a couple of feet, they put the Gutenberg Bible in front of people. It's amazing to think about it because there's only like 10 copies of the Gutenberg Bible still left. They're all in vaults. They're all worth hundreds of millions of dollars.

The Gutenberg Bible was set in print by Gutenberg, and it had a fixed size of all the characters. So what they would do is at a couple of feet, they put the Gutenberg Bible in front of people. It's amazing to think about it because there's only like 10 copies of the Gutenberg Bible still left. They're all in vaults. They're all worth hundreds of millions of dollars.

The Gutenberg Bible was set in print by Gutenberg, and it had a fixed size of all the characters. So what they would do is at a couple of feet, they put the Gutenberg Bible in front of people. It's amazing to think about it because there's only like 10 copies of the Gutenberg Bible still left. They're all in vaults. They're all worth hundreds of millions of dollars.

You can't buy them even if you're, you know, Elon. When you look at it, you would be able to tell that you could not see at one foot – I could not see what Andrew could see at one foot. So you knew that there was something diminishing my visual acuity, whether – who knows what it was. But they knew that they could then correct that lens to be as good as 20-20 or get up to your standard for me.

You can't buy them even if you're, you know, Elon. When you look at it, you would be able to tell that you could not see at one foot – I could not see what Andrew could see at one foot. So you knew that there was something diminishing my visual acuity, whether – who knows what it was. But they knew that they could then correct that lens to be as good as 20-20 or get up to your standard for me.

You can't buy them even if you're, you know, Elon. When you look at it, you would be able to tell that you could not see at one foot – I could not see what Andrew could see at one foot. So you knew that there was something diminishing my visual acuity, whether – who knows what it was. But they knew that they could then correct that lens to be as good as 20-20 or get up to your standard for me.

And that was the way that they would judge how good your eyes were. And so they then would correct that with lenses. And I always point out how ironic it is because later on Galileo would take those two lenses and instead of putting one on each eye, he'd put one in front of the other one and then use that to construct a telescope.

And that was the way that they would judge how good your eyes were. And so they then would correct that with lenses. And I always point out how ironic it is because later on Galileo would take those two lenses and instead of putting one on each eye, he'd put one in front of the other one and then use that to construct a telescope.

And that was the way that they would judge how good your eyes were. And so they then would correct that with lenses. And I always point out how ironic it is because later on Galileo would take those two lenses and instead of putting one on each eye, he'd put one in front of the other one and then use that to construct a telescope.

But he didn't actually invent the telescope, but he perfected the telescope. So just like Apple didn't invent the smartphone, They perfected it. Just like Facebook didn't invent social networking, they perfected it, right? So it's usually the second mouse gets the cheese, they like to say. He was the ultimate second mouse.

But he didn't actually invent the telescope, but he perfected the telescope. So just like Apple didn't invent the smartphone, They perfected it. Just like Facebook didn't invent social networking, they perfected it, right? So it's usually the second mouse gets the cheese, they like to say. He was the ultimate second mouse.

But he didn't actually invent the telescope, but he perfected the telescope. So just like Apple didn't invent the smartphone, They perfected it. Just like Facebook didn't invent social networking, they perfected it, right? So it's usually the second mouse gets the cheese, they like to say. He was the ultimate second mouse.

He would always improve things and make them so much better that he would obliterate his competition. Galileo.

He would always improve things and make them so much better that he would obliterate his competition. Galileo.