Dr. Brian Keating

Troposphere is a layer of the atmosphere. I used to know all the different layers. That's OK. OK, ionosphere is the farthest away.

Yeah, it's 40, 30, 40 kilometers above the Earth. It's not quite in space. Far enough away that the laser beam is still collimated. It makes a nice beam. And it can illuminate and then cause this sodium ions to Flores basically. So they start to get really stimulated. It looks just like a star. They know exactly how they produced it.

Yeah, it's 40, 30, 40 kilometers above the Earth. It's not quite in space. Far enough away that the laser beam is still collimated. It makes a nice beam. And it can illuminate and then cause this sodium ions to Flores basically. So they start to get really stimulated. It looks just like a star. They know exactly how they produced it.

Yeah, it's 40, 30, 40 kilometers above the Earth. It's not quite in space. Far enough away that the laser beam is still collimated. It makes a nice beam. And it can illuminate and then cause this sodium ions to Flores basically. So they start to get really stimulated. It looks just like a star. They know exactly how they produced it.

They know exactly what phase and wavelength to correct in the mirror. And then they say it's almost as good as going into space. It corrects exactly the compensation. of the Earth's atmosphere with the combination of this deformable mirror.

They know exactly what phase and wavelength to correct in the mirror. And then they say it's almost as good as going into space. It corrects exactly the compensation. of the Earth's atmosphere with the combination of this deformable mirror.

They know exactly what phase and wavelength to correct in the mirror. And then they say it's almost as good as going into space. It corrects exactly the compensation. of the Earth's atmosphere with the combination of this deformable mirror.

And it was actually used by my colleague Andrea Ghez here at UCLA to measure the properties of stars orbiting around the black hole at the center of the Milky Way and test Einstein's theory of relativity. Without this on the twin 10-meter diameter Keck telescopes in Hawaii, she never would have won that Nobel Prize. So it's amazing technology, but it was classified.

And it was actually used by my colleague Andrea Ghez here at UCLA to measure the properties of stars orbiting around the black hole at the center of the Milky Way and test Einstein's theory of relativity. Without this on the twin 10-meter diameter Keck telescopes in Hawaii, she never would have won that Nobel Prize. So it's amazing technology, but it was classified.

And it was actually used by my colleague Andrea Ghez here at UCLA to measure the properties of stars orbiting around the black hole at the center of the Milky Way and test Einstein's theory of relativity. Without this on the twin 10-meter diameter Keck telescopes in Hawaii, she never would have won that Nobel Prize. So it's amazing technology, but it was classified.

It was so useful to astronomers, but it wasn't as useful as to the military. Remember, I said Galileo used his telescope to sell it to the military of Venice. It was immediately classified by the US military because if you think about a spy satellite, What's it doing? Well, it's staring down to Earth and it's looking at whatever on Earth. It's also going through the atmosphere.

It was so useful to astronomers, but it wasn't as useful as to the military. Remember, I said Galileo used his telescope to sell it to the military of Venice. It was immediately classified by the US military because if you think about a spy satellite, What's it doing? Well, it's staring down to Earth and it's looking at whatever on Earth. It's also going through the atmosphere.

It was so useful to astronomers, but it wasn't as useful as to the military. Remember, I said Galileo used his telescope to sell it to the military of Venice. It was immediately classified by the US military because if you think about a spy satellite, What's it doing? Well, it's staring down to Earth and it's looking at whatever on Earth. It's also going through the atmosphere.

It's going to have the same problems. So they wanted to use that and have this technological advantage over the Soviets probably in the 1970s and 80s. So they classified it. They didn't let many – astronomers could build things. They could deliver the finished product but they couldn't patent it. They couldn't use it. So Claire Max, as I said, she could have been super rich.

It's going to have the same problems. So they wanted to use that and have this technological advantage over the Soviets probably in the 1970s and 80s. So they classified it. They didn't let many – astronomers could build things. They could deliver the finished product but they couldn't patent it. They couldn't use it. So Claire Max, as I said, she could have been super rich.

It's going to have the same problems. So they wanted to use that and have this technological advantage over the Soviets probably in the 1970s and 80s. So they classified it. They didn't let many – astronomers could build things. They could deliver the finished product but they couldn't patent it. They couldn't use it. So Claire Max, as I said, she could have been super rich.

But it's interesting because now they're using it so it's bad enough to look from Earth to space. But as I said, if you imagine the Earth as having a slab of an atmosphere, imagine a sniper. The sniper is trying to make a kill shot. Jocko is out there trying to hit something five kilometers, three kilometers away or whatever. There's a lot of atmosphere in the way.

But it's interesting because now they're using it so it's bad enough to look from Earth to space. But as I said, if you imagine the Earth as having a slab of an atmosphere, imagine a sniper. The sniper is trying to make a kill shot. Jocko is out there trying to hit something five kilometers, three kilometers away or whatever. There's a lot of atmosphere in the way.

But it's interesting because now they're using it so it's bad enough to look from Earth to space. But as I said, if you imagine the Earth as having a slab of an atmosphere, imagine a sniper. The sniper is trying to make a kill shot. Jocko is out there trying to hit something five kilometers, three kilometers away or whatever. There's a lot of atmosphere in the way.

And if you're looking through an optical sight, that will also happen. So now they're actually using this optical – compensation and sniper scopes are using this technology, adaptive optics. So it's another way that astronomy has influenced military developments as well.