Dr. Brian Keating

And by the way, you can tell and you can identify a planet by the fact it does not It does not twinkle, twinkle. So Jupiter is visible tonight. I hope you'll see it with the telescope. We can see it after we're done recording. We keep going. We're about halfway done, I figure. We'll go outside. We'll look at it. And you'll see it's not stationary.

And by the way, you can tell and you can identify a planet by the fact it does not It does not twinkle, twinkle. So Jupiter is visible tonight. I hope you'll see it with the telescope. We can see it after we're done recording. We keep going. We're about halfway done, I figure. We'll go outside. We'll look at it. And you'll see it's not stationary.

And by the way, you can tell and you can identify a planet by the fact it does not It does not twinkle, twinkle. So Jupiter is visible tonight. I hope you'll see it with the telescope. We can see it after we're done recording. We keep going. We're about halfway done, I figure. We'll go outside. We'll look at it. And you'll see it's not stationary.

And I actually used that on the night I kissed my wife for the first time. But I'm not going to talk about that. When you look at the planet, you can identify them by their lack of scintillation. So it's a way to identify if it's a plane, a star, or a planet.

And I actually used that on the night I kissed my wife for the first time. But I'm not going to talk about that. When you look at the planet, you can identify them by their lack of scintillation. So it's a way to identify if it's a plane, a star, or a planet.

And I actually used that on the night I kissed my wife for the first time. But I'm not going to talk about that. When you look at the planet, you can identify them by their lack of scintillation. So it's a way to identify if it's a plane, a star, or a planet.

So astronomers, including a colleague of mine in UC system, Claire Max, and other people realized in the 1960s and 70s that if they had a fake star, It's actually called either a guide star or an artificial star. I'll explain how they make that in a minute.

So astronomers, including a colleague of mine in UC system, Claire Max, and other people realized in the 1960s and 70s that if they had a fake star, It's actually called either a guide star or an artificial star. I'll explain how they make that in a minute.

So astronomers, including a colleague of mine in UC system, Claire Max, and other people realized in the 1960s and 70s that if they had a fake star, It's actually called either a guide star or an artificial star. I'll explain how they make that in a minute.

Then if they knew the exact properties of that guide star, then they could measure just the guide star through the same optics of the telescope. And then they would take the light from that artificial star onto a flexible deformable mirror. So the mirror could actually wobble and wiggle And it would do so in an exactly compensatory way to nullify the atmospheric turbulence.

Then if they knew the exact properties of that guide star, then they could measure just the guide star through the same optics of the telescope. And then they would take the light from that artificial star onto a flexible deformable mirror. So the mirror could actually wobble and wiggle And it would do so in an exactly compensatory way to nullify the atmospheric turbulence.

Then if they knew the exact properties of that guide star, then they could measure just the guide star through the same optics of the telescope. And then they would take the light from that artificial star onto a flexible deformable mirror. So the mirror could actually wobble and wiggle And it would do so in an exactly compensatory way to nullify the atmospheric turbulence.

So it's basically what light does when it goes through a cell of the atmosphere. It traverses a slightly longer path difference. So they would shorten the path difference of the mirror. They make it a little bit closer in the direction of that cell and other places they'd make it farther away and vice versa. They compensate for it. And this was done by a combination of two technologies.

So it's basically what light does when it goes through a cell of the atmosphere. It traverses a slightly longer path difference. So they would shorten the path difference of the mirror. They make it a little bit closer in the direction of that cell and other places they'd make it farther away and vice versa. They compensate for it. And this was done by a combination of two technologies.

So it's basically what light does when it goes through a cell of the atmosphere. It traverses a slightly longer path difference. So they would shorten the path difference of the mirror. They make it a little bit closer in the direction of that cell and other places they'd make it farther away and vice versa. They compensate for it. And this was done by a combination of two technologies.

One was the deformable mirror that could flex 100 times per second. And the other was making these artificial stars. So how do they make an artificial star? They shoot a laser into the troposphere. That laser illuminates sodium.

One was the deformable mirror that could flex 100 times per second. And the other was making these artificial stars. So how do they make an artificial star? They shoot a laser into the troposphere. That laser illuminates sodium.

One was the deformable mirror that could flex 100 times per second. And the other was making these artificial stars. So how do they make an artificial star? They shoot a laser into the troposphere. That laser illuminates sodium.

Troposphere is a layer of the atmosphere. I used to know all the different layers. That's OK. OK, ionosphere is the farthest away.

Troposphere is a layer of the atmosphere. I used to know all the different layers. That's OK. OK, ionosphere is the farthest away.