Dr. Brian Keating

And when you look at that, people like to say, as Carl Sagan did, if there's no life, it's an awful waste of space, right? Why is there so much space and there's no life? It seems incomprehensible. But nature – I love when atheist scientists will say like you propose God exists and that's the God of the gaps to explain things that you don't understand.

And when you look at that, people like to say, as Carl Sagan did, if there's no life, it's an awful waste of space, right? Why is there so much space and there's no life? It seems incomprehensible. But nature – I love when atheist scientists will say like you propose God exists and that's the God of the gaps to explain things that you don't understand.

But when science advances, we'll have an explanation. for why, you know, thunder occurs. It's not because of Thor, right? We get rid of gods as we learn more, and so the gaps shrink smaller and smaller. But they'll say the same argument about life in the universe. They'll say, well, there's got to be life because there's so much room there. But as I told you, I've been to Antarctica twice.

But when science advances, we'll have an explanation. for why, you know, thunder occurs. It's not because of Thor, right? We get rid of gods as we learn more, and so the gaps shrink smaller and smaller. But they'll say the same argument about life in the universe. They'll say, well, there's got to be life because there's so much room there. But as I told you, I've been to Antarctica twice.

But when science advances, we'll have an explanation. for why, you know, thunder occurs. It's not because of Thor, right? We get rid of gods as we learn more, and so the gaps shrink smaller and smaller. But they'll say the same argument about life in the universe. They'll say, well, there's got to be life because there's so much room there. But as I told you, I've been to Antarctica twice.

The only life forms I saw there, okay, were people. I saw a few penguins in the distance. And a couple of dead sea lions. There's no trees. There's no flora at all on the entire continent. It's incredibly barren. And yet, Andrew, it makes up 8% of the landmass of the earth. And you would think, well, it's just proportional to the amount of area, i.e. the number of stars.

The only life forms I saw there, okay, were people. I saw a few penguins in the distance. And a couple of dead sea lions. There's no trees. There's no flora at all on the entire continent. It's incredibly barren. And yet, Andrew, it makes up 8% of the landmass of the earth. And you would think, well, it's just proportional to the amount of area, i.e. the number of stars.

The only life forms I saw there, okay, were people. I saw a few penguins in the distance. And a couple of dead sea lions. There's no trees. There's no flora at all on the entire continent. It's incredibly barren. And yet, Andrew, it makes up 8% of the landmass of the earth. And you would think, well, it's just proportional to the amount of area, i.e. the number of stars.

There should be 8% of the life on Earth. There should be a billion people there or whatever, 600 million people. No, there's nothing there except for scientists that go there. So the odds of life are – you can't construct probability from possibility. That and many, many other arguments that I could give you, the improbability of life, how hard it is to create life.

There should be 8% of the life on Earth. There should be a billion people there or whatever, 600 million people. No, there's nothing there except for scientists that go there. So the odds of life are – you can't construct probability from possibility. That and many, many other arguments that I could give you, the improbability of life, how hard it is to create life.

There should be 8% of the life on Earth. There should be a billion people there or whatever, 600 million people. No, there's nothing there except for scientists that go there. So the odds of life are – you can't construct probability from possibility. That and many, many other arguments that I could give you, the improbability of life, how hard it is to create life.

And if you just sprinkled – imagine you had a koala cannon, OK? People at PETA are going to get mad. Why don't you just go to Mars and spray it with koala – it's obviously not going to like start life, right?

And if you just sprinkled – imagine you had a koala cannon, OK? People at PETA are going to get mad. Why don't you just go to Mars and spray it with koala – it's obviously not going to like start life, right?

And if you just sprinkled – imagine you had a koala cannon, OK? People at PETA are going to get mad. Why don't you just go to Mars and spray it with koala – it's obviously not going to like start life, right?

That's right. They would not like that. So yeah, so possibility is not probability. The number of hurdles to create a single cell is enormous. We have yet to reproduce, to make a functional cell in the laboratory. Not that that's a requirement to prove that life could exist elsewhere. I'm just saying it's very hard. Our history of life, we have an N of 1. It's very difficult to speculate on.

That's right. They would not like that. So yeah, so possibility is not probability. The number of hurdles to create a single cell is enormous. We have yet to reproduce, to make a functional cell in the laboratory. Not that that's a requirement to prove that life could exist elsewhere. I'm just saying it's very hard. Our history of life, we have an N of 1. It's very difficult to speculate on.

That's right. They would not like that. So yeah, so possibility is not probability. The number of hurdles to create a single cell is enormous. We have yet to reproduce, to make a functional cell in the laboratory. Not that that's a requirement to prove that life could exist elsewhere. I'm just saying it's very hard. Our history of life, we have an N of 1. It's very difficult to speculate on.

And if we're alone, if life is abundant, as Fermi asked many, many, many years ago, if life is abundant and the galaxy is old, where are they? Where are the aliens? There should have been plenty of time not only for them to evolve and be superior to us in many ways and travel the distances of our galaxy, not even of the cosmos, our galaxy. Where are they? Where are they?

And if we're alone, if life is abundant, as Fermi asked many, many, many years ago, if life is abundant and the galaxy is old, where are they? Where are the aliens? There should have been plenty of time not only for them to evolve and be superior to us in many ways and travel the distances of our galaxy, not even of the cosmos, our galaxy. Where are they? Where are they?

And if we're alone, if life is abundant, as Fermi asked many, many, many years ago, if life is abundant and the galaxy is old, where are they? Where are the aliens? There should have been plenty of time not only for them to evolve and be superior to us in many ways and travel the distances of our galaxy, not even of the cosmos, our galaxy. Where are they? Where are they?