Dr. Chris Palmer

Before I get into the complex part of the story, let me just start with basics. So, and this relates to nutrition, that a lot of these basic vitamins and minerals are like vitamin B12, folate, and iron. I'll just stop there. B12, folate, and iron, these are all essential to mitochondrial function.

They play a role in numerous enzymes and other cellular reactions outside of mitochondria, but they are all central to mitochondrial function. And so if you are deficient in these vitamins, your mitochondrial will not function properly. So it's at least – it doesn't prove the mitochondrial theory of neuropsychiatric disorders, but it's consistent with the mitochondrial theory.

They play a role in numerous enzymes and other cellular reactions outside of mitochondria, but they are all central to mitochondrial function. And so if you are deficient in these vitamins, your mitochondrial will not function properly. So it's at least – it doesn't prove the mitochondrial theory of neuropsychiatric disorders, but it's consistent with the mitochondrial theory.

They play a role in numerous enzymes and other cellular reactions outside of mitochondria, but they are all central to mitochondrial function. And so if you are deficient in these vitamins, your mitochondrial will not function properly. So it's at least – it doesn't prove the mitochondrial theory of neuropsychiatric disorders, but it's consistent with the mitochondrial theory.

And the reality is a lot of Americans are – You know, a lot of different populations within America and then certainly in other countries can be highly deficient in some of these. So iron, you know, there's a study in JAMA just last year, 40% of females age 12 to 21 in the United States are iron deficient. Wow.

And the reality is a lot of Americans are – You know, a lot of different populations within America and then certainly in other countries can be highly deficient in some of these. So iron, you know, there's a study in JAMA just last year, 40% of females age 12 to 21 in the United States are iron deficient. Wow.

And the reality is a lot of Americans are – You know, a lot of different populations within America and then certainly in other countries can be highly deficient in some of these. So iron, you know, there's a study in JAMA just last year, 40% of females age 12 to 21 in the United States are iron deficient. Wow.

It really depends on the definition of iron deficient, but their overarching conclusion, based on what they thought was a reasonable definition... that the journal JAMA went ahead and published was 40% of young, of girls and young women, 12, so this is menstruation, obviously. It's menstruation. They are losing blood.

It really depends on the definition of iron deficient, but their overarching conclusion, based on what they thought was a reasonable definition... that the journal JAMA went ahead and published was 40% of young, of girls and young women, 12, so this is menstruation, obviously. It's menstruation. They are losing blood.

It really depends on the definition of iron deficient, but their overarching conclusion, based on what they thought was a reasonable definition... that the journal JAMA went ahead and published was 40% of young, of girls and young women, 12, so this is menstruation, obviously. It's menstruation. They are losing blood.

They are losing blood and they are not consuming enough iron or there's something wrong with the way they're processing iron. So let me just stick with that. And what does that have to do with neuropsychiatric disorders? Well, Boys and girls pre-puberty have the same rates of mental illness.

They are losing blood and they are not consuming enough iron or there's something wrong with the way they're processing iron. So let me just stick with that. And what does that have to do with neuropsychiatric disorders? Well, Boys and girls pre-puberty have the same rates of mental illness.

They are losing blood and they are not consuming enough iron or there's something wrong with the way they're processing iron. So let me just stick with that. And what does that have to do with neuropsychiatric disorders? Well, Boys and girls pre-puberty have the same rates of mental illness.

If anything, boys are maybe a little more because they're more likely to have autism and they're more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. But for the most part, we'll say like depression and anxiety, exact same rates. Puberty hits and girls just skyrocket. The rates of mental illness skyrocket in girls. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.

If anything, boys are maybe a little more because they're more likely to have autism and they're more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. But for the most part, we'll say like depression and anxiety, exact same rates. Puberty hits and girls just skyrocket. The rates of mental illness skyrocket in girls. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.

If anything, boys are maybe a little more because they're more likely to have autism and they're more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. But for the most part, we'll say like depression and anxiety, exact same rates. Puberty hits and girls just skyrocket. The rates of mental illness skyrocket in girls. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.

Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Or you say they have an autoimmune disorder like lupus and psychosis. And why is that so important? Because there's a treatment for these other things other than just antipsychotic medicines.

Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Or you say they have an autoimmune disorder like lupus and psychosis. And why is that so important? Because there's a treatment for these other things other than just antipsychotic medicines.

Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Or you say they have an autoimmune disorder like lupus and psychosis. And why is that so important? Because there's a treatment for these other things other than just antipsychotic medicines.

And what I really hope and implore our field will do is we will come into the 21st century and begin to recognize that there is a cause