Dr. Chris Palmer

They play a direct role in converting food into some of the substrates for the production of neurotransmitters. But they also go further. They store some neurotransmitters like GABA within themselves, and that plays a role in GABA's release from a neuron. They actually go to the cell membrane and move along the membrane itself. dispensing vesicles of neurotransmitters.

They play a direct role in converting food into some of the substrates for the production of neurotransmitters. But they also go further. They store some neurotransmitters like GABA within themselves, and that plays a role in GABA's release from a neuron. They actually go to the cell membrane and move along the membrane itself. dispensing vesicles of neurotransmitters.

And when you take the mitochondria away from the synapse but provide that synapse with ATP, vesicles don't get released. Neurotransmitters aren't getting released. The mitochondria are doing more. We don't exactly know what, but they're doing more than just providing the energy They play a role in turning inflammation in immune cells both on and off.

And when you take the mitochondria away from the synapse but provide that synapse with ATP, vesicles don't get released. Neurotransmitters aren't getting released. The mitochondria are doing more. We don't exactly know what, but they're doing more than just providing the energy They play a role in turning inflammation in immune cells both on and off.

And when you take the mitochondria away from the synapse but provide that synapse with ATP, vesicles don't get released. Neurotransmitters aren't getting released. The mitochondria are doing more. We don't exactly know what, but they're doing more than just providing the energy They play a role in turning inflammation in immune cells both on and off.

They help start the process, but they also help coordinate the cessation of that process. They play an instrumental role in both the first and the last step in the synthesis of cortisol.

They help start the process, but they also help coordinate the cessation of that process. They play an instrumental role in both the first and the last step in the synthesis of cortisol.

They help start the process, but they also help coordinate the cessation of that process. They play an instrumental role in both the first and the last step in the synthesis of cortisol.

And they play a role in the first step in the synthesis of all of the steroid hormones, which include estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, so that if you have dysregulation of cortisol or if you have dysregulation of testosterone or estrogen or progesterone, you must...

And they play a role in the first step in the synthesis of all of the steroid hormones, which include estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, so that if you have dysregulation of cortisol or if you have dysregulation of testosterone or estrogen or progesterone, you must...

And they play a role in the first step in the synthesis of all of the steroid hormones, which include estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, so that if you have dysregulation of cortisol or if you have dysregulation of testosterone or estrogen or progesterone, you must...

understand the role of mitochondria in that dysregulation because they are critical in the production and release of these hormones. They are the primary regulator of epigenetics. So epigenetics are the expression of genes from the cell nucleus. And researchers have long known that that's related to levels of reactive oxygen species. It's related to levels of calcium.

understand the role of mitochondria in that dysregulation because they are critical in the production and release of these hormones. They are the primary regulator of epigenetics. So epigenetics are the expression of genes from the cell nucleus. And researchers have long known that that's related to levels of reactive oxygen species. It's related to levels of calcium.

understand the role of mitochondria in that dysregulation because they are critical in the production and release of these hormones. They are the primary regulator of epigenetics. So epigenetics are the expression of genes from the cell nucleus. And researchers have long known that that's related to levels of reactive oxygen species. It's related to levels of calcium.

It's related to other cell signals. Those cell signals are mostly originating within mitochondria. During the development of any cell, mitochondria... They are like a universe unto themselves, and there's so much we don't know about them.

It's related to other cell signals. Those cell signals are mostly originating within mitochondria. During the development of any cell, mitochondria... They are like a universe unto themselves, and there's so much we don't know about them.

It's related to other cell signals. Those cell signals are mostly originating within mitochondria. During the development of any cell, mitochondria... They are like a universe unto themselves, and there's so much we don't know about them.

But what researchers have found is that mitochondria actually line up, literally line up in an organized fashion around the cell nucleus and take on different conformations. And that is somehow sending signals to the genes to result in the expression or the suppression of different genes from the nucleus.

But what researchers have found is that mitochondria actually line up, literally line up in an organized fashion around the cell nucleus and take on different conformations. And that is somehow sending signals to the genes to result in the expression or the suppression of different genes from the nucleus.

But what researchers have found is that mitochondria actually line up, literally line up in an organized fashion around the cell nucleus and take on different conformations. And that is somehow sending signals to the genes to result in the expression or the suppression of different genes from the nucleus.