Dr. Chris van Tulleken

So one of the really important things to say is when we look at those hazard ratios and different studies report this in different ways, Almost all of the epidemiological evidence has made adjustments for dietary pattern and for nutrient profile. So if we look at this was a study, a really well reported study done by one of my PhD students, Sam Dickin. He's now not a PhD student.

So one of the really important things to say is when we look at those hazard ratios and different studies report this in different ways, Almost all of the epidemiological evidence has made adjustments for dietary pattern and for nutrient profile. So if we look at this was a study, a really well reported study done by one of my PhD students, Sam Dickin. He's now not a PhD student.

He's now leading this update trial that I was telling you about. So Sam did a review of the evidence, this is in 2021, and looked across at whether or not the epidemiological studies controlled for dietary pattern. And they almost all do. Going back to your question about how much ultra processed food increases your risk of a particular health outcome.

He's now leading this update trial that I was telling you about. So Sam did a review of the evidence, this is in 2021, and looked across at whether or not the epidemiological studies controlled for dietary pattern. And they almost all do. Going back to your question about how much ultra processed food increases your risk of a particular health outcome.

He's now leading this update trial that I was telling you about. So Sam did a review of the evidence, this is in 2021, and looked across at whether or not the epidemiological studies controlled for dietary pattern. And they almost all do. Going back to your question about how much ultra processed food increases your risk of a particular health outcome.

One of the things is that in those epidemiological studies, adjustments are made for salt, fat, sugar, fiber, and dietary pattern. Now, the logic of doing that is you're trying to go, is processing itself playing a role? And we have lots and lots of evidence that factors other than those nutrients now are playing a role.

One of the things is that in those epidemiological studies, adjustments are made for salt, fat, sugar, fiber, and dietary pattern. Now, the logic of doing that is you're trying to go, is processing itself playing a role? And we have lots and lots of evidence that factors other than those nutrients now are playing a role.

One of the things is that in those epidemiological studies, adjustments are made for salt, fat, sugar, fiber, and dietary pattern. Now, the logic of doing that is you're trying to go, is processing itself playing a role? And we have lots and lots of evidence that factors other than those nutrients now are playing a role.

It's not simply a deficiency of fruit and vegetables or an excess of salt, but of course, one of the ways that ultra-processed food harms you is because it is incredibly high in salt, saturated fat, sugar, energy density. It has a high glycemic index. And so all of those things, when you adjust for them, they dilute essentially the effect.

It's not simply a deficiency of fruit and vegetables or an excess of salt, but of course, one of the ways that ultra-processed food harms you is because it is incredibly high in salt, saturated fat, sugar, energy density. It has a high glycemic index. And so all of those things, when you adjust for them, they dilute essentially the effect.

It's not simply a deficiency of fruit and vegetables or an excess of salt, but of course, one of the ways that ultra-processed food harms you is because it is incredibly high in salt, saturated fat, sugar, energy density. It has a high glycemic index. And so all of those things, when you adjust for them, they dilute essentially the effect.

But the overall effect of the food on your body will have all of those different factors coming to bear on your health. So the questions you're asking are really... complex epidemiological questions.

But the overall effect of the food on your body will have all of those different factors coming to bear on your health. So the questions you're asking are really... complex epidemiological questions.

But the overall effect of the food on your body will have all of those different factors coming to bear on your health. So the questions you're asking are really... complex epidemiological questions.

You do, but it's really worth saying, Mark, if someone said to me, ultra processed food is only harmful because of its salt, sugar, and fat content and its energy density, I would go, you know what? I would buy that as maybe 80% of the harms. If you want to say a hundred, we can still do business. No problem. So long as you're enthusiastic

You do, but it's really worth saying, Mark, if someone said to me, ultra processed food is only harmful because of its salt, sugar, and fat content and its energy density, I would go, you know what? I would buy that as maybe 80% of the harms. If you want to say a hundred, we can still do business. No problem. So long as you're enthusiastic

You do, but it's really worth saying, Mark, if someone said to me, ultra processed food is only harmful because of its salt, sugar, and fat content and its energy density, I would go, you know what? I would buy that as maybe 80% of the harms. If you want to say a hundred, we can still do business. No problem. So long as you're enthusiastic

about improving justice in the food system, improve, improving the equity of access to food, improving life for disadvantaged populations about regulating corporate power. If you want to do it, like the thing is what, what you notice is the regulations of corporate power.

about improving justice in the food system, improve, improving the equity of access to food, improving life for disadvantaged populations about regulating corporate power. If you want to do it, like the thing is what, what you notice is the regulations of corporate power.

about improving justice in the food system, improve, improving the equity of access to food, improving life for disadvantaged populations about regulating corporate power. If you want to do it, like the thing is what, what you notice is the regulations of corporate power.