Dr. Chris van Tulleken

Obviously you haven't processed at all, you eat them raw. But minimally processed foods includes things like, you know, rice. You've husked it or grains. You know, it's gone through a degree of processing. Pastas are minimally processed food. But they're usually single ingredient and you can eat them whole or you can boil them. Frozen vegetables.

Exactly. So that's minimally processed. Then we have processed foods, which would be canned or bottled things, tins of fish. They're processed, but these are processed using traditional methods and there's not a lot of financial growth in processed foods. So we have number one, minimally processed. Nova two is kitchen ingredients. So things like vinegar, salt, oil, spices, things like this.

Exactly. So that's minimally processed. Then we have processed foods, which would be canned or bottled things, tins of fish. They're processed, but these are processed using traditional methods and there's not a lot of financial growth in processed foods. So we have number one, minimally processed. Nova two is kitchen ingredients. So things like vinegar, salt, oil, spices, things like this.

Exactly. So that's minimally processed. Then we have processed foods, which would be canned or bottled things, tins of fish. They're processed, but these are processed using traditional methods and there's not a lot of financial growth in processed foods. So we have number one, minimally processed. Nova two is kitchen ingredients. So things like vinegar, salt, oil, spices, things like this.

And then group four. And then so processed foods is mixtures of one and two. That's how it's defined. So you take some broccoli, you pour olive oil all over it and you fry it, you add some salt. Now you've got a group three processed food. So you can make Nova group three foods at home when you bake a cake. That's a Nova group three food. You've combined groups one and two.

And then group four. And then so processed foods is mixtures of one and two. That's how it's defined. So you take some broccoli, you pour olive oil all over it and you fry it, you add some salt. Now you've got a group three processed food. So you can make Nova group three foods at home when you bake a cake. That's a Nova group three food. You've combined groups one and two.

And then group four. And then so processed foods is mixtures of one and two. That's how it's defined. So you take some broccoli, you pour olive oil all over it and you fry it, you add some salt. Now you've got a group three processed food. So you can make Nova group three foods at home when you bake a cake. That's a Nova group three food. You've combined groups one and two.

Nova Group 4 is ultra-processed foods. When you say the term ultra-processed foods, that is what you mean, and you mean a particular definition. So you hear the whole time, oh, the definition isn't agreed on. The definition is agreed on. You may not like it, but it is agreed on. People may not agree about its utility, but it exists.

Nova Group 4 is ultra-processed foods. When you say the term ultra-processed foods, that is what you mean, and you mean a particular definition. So you hear the whole time, oh, the definition isn't agreed on. The definition is agreed on. You may not like it, but it is agreed on. People may not agree about its utility, but it exists.

Nova Group 4 is ultra-processed foods. When you say the term ultra-processed foods, that is what you mean, and you mean a particular definition. So you hear the whole time, oh, the definition isn't agreed on. The definition is agreed on. You may not like it, but it is agreed on. People may not agree about its utility, but it exists.

And it's long, but it describes products that are formulations of ingredients that have at least some ingredients that are purely of industrial use, and they contain cosmetic additives. So when you cook at home, you don't use artificial sweeteners, colours, humectants, foaming agents, bulking agents, anti-bulking agents. You just cook with groups one and two.

And it's long, but it describes products that are formulations of ingredients that have at least some ingredients that are purely of industrial use, and they contain cosmetic additives. So when you cook at home, you don't use artificial sweeteners, colours, humectants, foaming agents, bulking agents, anti-bulking agents. You just cook with groups one and two.

And it's long, but it describes products that are formulations of ingredients that have at least some ingredients that are purely of industrial use, and they contain cosmetic additives. So when you cook at home, you don't use artificial sweeteners, colours, humectants, foaming agents, bulking agents, anti-bulking agents. You just cook with groups one and two.

So UPF can only be made by an industry. And importantly, its purpose is profit. And it is marketed. So even if you go and buy food coloring at home, you're still not making UPF because your purpose isn't to make profit.

So UPF can only be made by an industry. And importantly, its purpose is profit. And it is marketed. So even if you go and buy food coloring at home, you're still not making UPF because your purpose isn't to make profit.

So UPF can only be made by an industry. And importantly, its purpose is profit. And it is marketed. So even if you go and buy food coloring at home, you're still not making UPF because your purpose isn't to make profit.

The definition was invented to test the hypothesis that industrially processed foods affected human health in ways beyond the ways that domestic cooking does. And it's done that robustly. What the hypothesis doesn't say is that that ammonium phosphate or the soy lecithin is harmful. Those things are proxies for ultra processed food.

The definition was invented to test the hypothesis that industrially processed foods affected human health in ways beyond the ways that domestic cooking does. And it's done that robustly. What the hypothesis doesn't say is that that ammonium phosphate or the soy lecithin is harmful. Those things are proxies for ultra processed food.

The definition was invented to test the hypothesis that industrially processed foods affected human health in ways beyond the ways that domestic cooking does. And it's done that robustly. What the hypothesis doesn't say is that that ammonium phosphate or the soy lecithin is harmful. Those things are proxies for ultra processed food.

They're a sign that your food has been designed in a system that is about profit, not health. We can argue there are certain classes of additives, and I think you've had some very sophisticated thoughts on this and have spoken a lot about this. There are some classes of additives I think have quite good evidence for health harms.