Dr. David Gwynn

The real question is, why couldn't they repeat this trick in the 5th century? You've got the same shattering effect happening, but Gallienus Aurelian were able to dig in and pull it back together. And a key part of that does seem to be that Posthumus and Odonathus never actually wanted to fully break away. They were proud of being part of a Roman orbit.

The real question is, why couldn't they repeat this trick in the 5th century? You've got the same shattering effect happening, but Gallienus Aurelian were able to dig in and pull it back together. And a key part of that does seem to be that Posthumus and Odonathus never actually wanted to fully break away. They were proud of being part of a Roman orbit.

Whereas when you've got a much larger migration of Germanic peoples who are creating independent groups, then you do get the breakaway. But it's an awful lot more complex than that.

Whereas when you've got a much larger migration of Germanic peoples who are creating independent groups, then you do get the breakaway. But it's an awful lot more complex than that.

Whereas when you've got a much larger migration of Germanic peoples who are creating independent groups, then you do get the breakaway. But it's an awful lot more complex than that.

My great pleasure. Thank you.

My great pleasure. Thank you.

My great pleasure. Thank you.

There's a lot of characters on the landscape, and the landscape itself is nothing we moderns have ever imagined.

There's a lot of characters on the landscape, and the landscape itself is nothing we moderns have ever imagined.

There's a lot of characters on the landscape, and the landscape itself is nothing we moderns have ever imagined.

And it was a very, very different place, a very, very different time, and yet a wonderful opportunity to explore what modern humans did the first time they ever encountered a completely new world, a hemisphere that was teeming with animals, was far different than anything they'd encountered before, and a landscape on which they entered

And it was a very, very different place, a very, very different time, and yet a wonderful opportunity to explore what modern humans did the first time they ever encountered a completely new world, a hemisphere that was teeming with animals, was far different than anything they'd encountered before, and a landscape on which they entered

And it was a very, very different place, a very, very different time, and yet a wonderful opportunity to explore what modern humans did the first time they ever encountered a completely new world, a hemisphere that was teeming with animals, was far different than anything they'd encountered before, and a landscape on which they entered

And at some point must have realized there's no smoke on the horizon. There's no freshly killed animals. We're the only ones here. What the hell? Can you imagine the sensation that must have been when they realized nobody else is home?

And at some point must have realized there's no smoke on the horizon. There's no freshly killed animals. We're the only ones here. What the hell? Can you imagine the sensation that must have been when they realized nobody else is home?

And at some point must have realized there's no smoke on the horizon. There's no freshly killed animals. We're the only ones here. What the hell? Can you imagine the sensation that must have been when they realized nobody else is home?

In the last, oh, let's make it a decade, it has completely changed our understanding. It's been a remarkable sea change. Look, I'm an archaeologist. I've got rocks. Occasionally, I got bones, but that's pretty much it. If I want to do population history, if I want to know who these people are, where they came from, who they're related to, how often they got together, Did they survive?

In the last, oh, let's make it a decade, it has completely changed our understanding. It's been a remarkable sea change. Look, I'm an archaeologist. I've got rocks. Occasionally, I got bones, but that's pretty much it. If I want to do population history, if I want to know who these people are, where they came from, who they're related to, how often they got together, Did they survive?

In the last, oh, let's make it a decade, it has completely changed our understanding. It's been a remarkable sea change. Look, I'm an archaeologist. I've got rocks. Occasionally, I got bones, but that's pretty much it. If I want to do population history, if I want to know who these people are, where they came from, who they're related to, how often they got together, Did they survive?