Dr. Ellen Langer

And because I'm cognitively deficient, I'm not given the training that I should be given. I no longer think well of myself. And so if you asked me to read certain things, I'd probably opt out and so on. And in a very short time, the difference between us becomes very real. Well, it's the same thing with a medical diagnosis.

There is always somebody who's right below the border who has it, or we'll say who doesn't have it, below, and the person right above or at that has it, where the two scores are not meaningfully different. But where one then is told they have the disease and the other not, and the difference becomes real over time.

There is always somebody who's right below the border who has it, or we'll say who doesn't have it, below, and the person right above or at that has it, where the two scores are not meaningfully different. But where one then is told they have the disease and the other not, and the difference becomes real over time.

There is always somebody who's right below the border who has it, or we'll say who doesn't have it, below, and the person right above or at that has it, where the two scores are not meaningfully different. But where one then is told they have the disease and the other not, and the difference becomes real over time.

And so we have data supporting that, and it's almost just a Gedanken experiment, a thought experiment. At some point, you have to put a limit, but you need to always know that it's made up. What is the expiration date for this can of food? There are people who actually go through their shelves and throw these things out because it's two weeks old.

And so we have data supporting that, and it's almost just a Gedanken experiment, a thought experiment. At some point, you have to put a limit, but you need to always know that it's made up. What is the expiration date for this can of food? There are people who actually go through their shelves and throw these things out because it's two weeks old.

And so we have data supporting that, and it's almost just a Gedanken experiment, a thought experiment. At some point, you have to put a limit, but you need to always know that it's made up. What is the expiration date for this can of food? There are people who actually go through their shelves and throw these things out because it's two weeks old.

not realizing how did they come up with that date in the first place? Anyway, to go back to what you were saying, let me remind you now because I'm having the junior moment, that labels, names of things, these categories help us organize things, but more often or as often hold things still and cause problems. I did that first study way back when called A Patient by Any Other Name.

not realizing how did they come up with that date in the first place? Anyway, to go back to what you were saying, let me remind you now because I'm having the junior moment, that labels, names of things, these categories help us organize things, but more often or as often hold things still and cause problems. I did that first study way back when called A Patient by Any Other Name.

not realizing how did they come up with that date in the first place? Anyway, to go back to what you were saying, let me remind you now because I'm having the junior moment, that labels, names of things, these categories help us organize things, but more often or as often hold things still and cause problems. I did that first study way back when called A Patient by Any Other Name.

And we made a videotape of a person being interviewed and showed it to therapists who were either behavior therapists or Freudian types. And the person on the tape was called either a patient or a job applicant. So the exact same tape. When we called the person a patient, they were seen as having hidden this and problems in that and so on.

And we made a videotape of a person being interviewed and showed it to therapists who were either behavior therapists or Freudian types. And the person on the tape was called either a patient or a job applicant. So the exact same tape. When we called the person a patient, they were seen as having hidden this and problems in that and so on.

And we made a videotape of a person being interviewed and showed it to therapists who were either behavior therapists or Freudian types. And the person on the tape was called either a patient or a job applicant. So the exact same tape. When we called the person a patient, they were seen as having hidden this and problems in that and so on.

When the person was called a job applicant, they were seen as well-adjusted.

When the person was called a job applicant, they were seen as well-adjusted.

When the person was called a job applicant, they were seen as well-adjusted.

Well, I think that, um, as soon as you're learning something and if you have your sense of, um, is if you're going to be the same person over the next 70 years, for example. We don't actually cognize that, but without literally realizing that you're not going to be the same person, you take in whatever you've just learned and Continue doing it the exact same way. You know, we go back to tennis.

Well, I think that, um, as soon as you're learning something and if you have your sense of, um, is if you're going to be the same person over the next 70 years, for example. We don't actually cognize that, but without literally realizing that you're not going to be the same person, you take in whatever you've just learned and Continue doing it the exact same way. You know, we go back to tennis.

Well, I think that, um, as soon as you're learning something and if you have your sense of, um, is if you're going to be the same person over the next 70 years, for example. We don't actually cognize that, but without literally realizing that you're not going to be the same person, you take in whatever you've just learned and Continue doing it the exact same way. You know, we go back to tennis.

You learn the game of tennis when you're 15. And now you're 40. You shouldn't be doing any of it the same way. And now you're 80. Again, and so what happens is your performance is not going to be as good as it could be because the 80-year-old body is trying to do it as if it's a 15-year-old body. Rather than taking advantage of – there are positive things that happen as you get older.